. 2019 Jun 24;9:9084. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45611-3

Table 1.

Descriptive results of culturomics in healthy controls and patients with marasmus and kwashiorkor.

	Mean ± SD/Proportions			Comparison (p-value)
	CTL (n = 5)	MRS (n = 7)	KW (n = 10)	CTL-MRS	CTL-KW	MRS-KW	CTL-MRS-KW
β diversity (proportions)
All species (Ratio U/T)	185/281	125/224	151/335	0.02^d	2.5*10^−7d	0.013^d	0.0002^c
All species (Ratio U/T)	65.71%	55.80%	45%	0.02^d	2.5*10^−7d	0.013^d	0.0002^c
Anaerobic species	76/112	36/73	43/111	0.012^d	0.00001^d	0.15^d	0.0002^c
Anaerobic species	67.85%	49.31%	38.73%	0.012^d	0.00001^d	0.15^d	0.0002^c
Aerotolerant species	109/169	89/151	108/224	0.3^d	0.001^d	0.041^d	0.001^c
Aerotolerant species	64.50%	59%	48%	0.3^d	0.001^d	0.041^d	0.001^c
Global diversity (mean ± SD)
Number of phyla	3.8 ± 0.4	3.4 ± 0.8	4.2 ± 0.6	0.14^a	0.2^a	0.03^b	No gradient
Number of genera	34 ± 12	22 ± 5	36 ± 7	0.06^b	0.67^a	0.003^b	No gradient
Total number of species	92 ± 20	67 ± 14	89 ± 22	0.07^a	0.82^a	0.03^b	No gradient
Number of putative new species	5 ± 3	3 ± 2	2 ± 1	0.22^a	0.009^b	0.28^a	0.06^e
Number of non-human species	2.8 ± 0.4	1.6 ± 1.7	1.5 ± 1.2	0.23^a	0.02^a	0.92^a	0.28^e
Phyla distribution (proportions of each phylum in a group)
Actinobacteria	42/281	12/224	47/335	0.001^d	0.74^d	0.001^d	No gradient
Actinobacteria	15%	5.40%	13.70%	0.001^d	0.74^d	0.001^d	No gradient
Bacteroidetes	21/281	2/224	21/335	0.0004^d	0.55^d	0.001^d	No gradient
Bacteroidetes	7.50%	0.80%	6.50%	0.0004^d	0.55^d	0.001^d	No gradient
Proteobacteria	25/281	11/224	56/335	0.082^d	0.004^d	2.5*10^−5d	No gradient
Proteobacteria	8.90%	5%	16.70%	0.082^d	0.004^d	2.5*10^−5d	No gradient
Firmicutes	192/281	198/224	208/335	<10^−7d	0.1^d	<10^−7d	No gradient
Firmicutes	68.30%	88.40%	61.70%	<10^−7d	0.1^d	<10^−7d	No gradient
Fusobacteria	0/281	1/224	3/335	0.88^f	0.32^f	0.53^d	No gradient
Fusobacteria	0%	0.40%	0.80%	0.88^f	0.32^f	0.53^d	No gradient

^aTwo-tailed Student’s t-test; ^bMann-Whitney test; ^cCochran-Armitage trend test; ^duncorrected chi-square test; ^elinear regression test; ^fFisher’s exact test. U/T: unique/total species ratio. New species: unknown species identified for the first time. Non-human species: previously known species identified in human for the first time.