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. 2019 Jun 24;9:9094. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45659-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of irreversible electroporation with increasing electric field strength application on the stomach, at 10 h after IRE (H&E and TUNEL assay). (A) Non-specific change upon application of 0 kV electrical energy, focal inflammatory change with subtle mucosal depression upon application of 1 kV electrical energy, widespread inflammatory changes and acute tissue damage in the electroporated area upon application of 2 kV of electrical energy, and diffuse inflammatory change and wall thinning in the electroporated area upon application of 3 kV electrical energy. (B) Absence of apoptotic area upon application of 0 kV electrical energy is applied, focal apoptosis and cell death observed upon application of 1 kV electrical energy, wide apoptotic area with cell death upon application of 2 kV electrical energy, and diffuse apoptosis upon application of 3 kV electrical energy.