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. 2019 Jun 18;7:104. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00104

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Copyright © 2019 Brown and Ceredig.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Some of the haematopoietic cytokines instruct the lineage fate of haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Erythropoietin (Epo), granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GSF)/granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) instruct hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs)/hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to adopt erythroid, neutrophil and macrophage fates, respectively. Above a certain threshold level, the ligand for the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3L) drives HSC development along the myeloid-lymphoid pathways as opposed to the generation of megakaryocyte and erythroid progenitors.