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. 2019 Jun 18;7:104. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00104

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Copyright © 2019 Brown and Ceredig.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Schematic representation of some of the controls on cellular phenotype. The receptors for erythropoietin (Epo) and for macrophage-colony stimulation factor (M-CSFR) and the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) can instruct erythroid, macrophage and lymphoid/myeloid fates, respectively. Receptors share the use of signaling pathways and there is redundancy in their use. Various transcription factors, the colored shapes labeled 1, 2, 3, and 4, and their cofactors, the colored CF ovals, target and densely occupy certain genomic regions that are important for the specification of a cellular phenotype. PI3-K, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; MAP, mitogen-activated kinase.