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. 2019 Jun 24;9:9086. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45352-3

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Substrates with lower elastic modulus improved kinetics and efficiency of MSCs induced reprogramming. (A) Schematics of the reprogramming procedure. Cells were cultured on distinct substrates for 7 days (step 3). (B) Representative images of newly-formed iPSCs colonies in distinct substrates (day 5), scale bar corresponds to 50 μm. (C) Evaluating the reprogramming kinetics, each point represents the number of newly formed colonies, at the respective time point, normalized to the number of colonies on TCPs at day 5. Points represent mean ± SEM of 3 (days 3 and 7) or 4 (day 5) independent experiments. Colonies diameter is represented in (D), bars represent mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. The reprogramming efficiency can be observed in (E), bars represent mean ± SEM of 3 (day 3 and 7) or 4 (day 5) independent experiments. In (F) is represented the diameter of reprogrammed colonies, bars represent mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. (G) Ratio of reprogrammed colonies (non-fluorescent) per total number of newly-formed colonies. Statistical analysis was performed uisng Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test (*p < 0.05) in (C–G).