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. 2019 Jun 24;9:9177. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45641-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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ECDD-S27 inhibits autophagic flux and decreases cancer cell survival. HT-29 (a), HepG2 (b), and HeLa (c) cells were transfected with cDNAs encoding GFP-LC3B. At 48 h after transfection, cells were treated with DMSO (negative control) or ECDD-S27 at indicated concentrations for 72 h. Cells were then stained with Hoechst and processed for HC image analysis. Percent cell viability and autophagic flux-inhibited cells were then analyzed. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001, all relative to the DMSO control, were determined by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s multiple comparison test. HT-29 (d), HepG2 (e), HeLa (f) cells were treated with DMSO (negative control), ECDD-S27, bafilomycin A1, or bafilomycin A1 in combination with ECDD-S27 at the indicated concentrations for 72 h and their viability was measured by the MTS assay. Data are shown as mean ± SD from at least two independent experiments; results were expressed relative to the DMSO control, defined as 100%. ^†p ≥ 0.05 and ***p < 0.001, all relative to the DMSO control, were determined by one-way ANOVA with a Tukey’s multiple comparison test.