FIGURE 4.

cAMP/PKA signaling is involved in gliotoxin-induced rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton. (A) The intracellular concentration of cAMP in A549 cells treated with gliotoxin for the indicated periods. (B) The intracellular expression and phosphorylation of both PKA_α/γ and PKA_β in A549 cells treated with gliotoxin for the indicated periods. (C,D) A549 cells were pretreated with the indicated pharmacological agents, followed by treatment with 50 ng/ml gliotoxin for 30 min. The expression and phosphorylation of PKA_α/γ, cofilin, and LIMK1 were detected by western blotting; The distribution of F-actin and p-cofilin was monitored by fluorescence microscopy. Red, F-actin; Green, p-cofilin; Blue, nuclei. Experiments were performed in three independent experiments with three individual replicates. Images shown are representative of the independent experiments. The white arrows indicate actin cytoskeleton rearrangements. Scale bar = 20 μm. Statistically significant differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test. ^*p < 0.05.