Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Jun 24;10:2769. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-10715-x

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 5 — LH-projecting vlBNST neurons antagonize feeding suppression induced by ovBNST PKC-δ neuron activation. a Diagram shows that Cre-out viruses were injected in vlBNST while ferrule fibers were implanted above LH to activate vlBNST-LH pathway. b, c Optogenetic activation of vlBNST-LH pathway increases food intake in both fed (b) and fasted (c) animals in a frequency-dependent manner. Unpaired t-test, t(11) = 4.31 (b, 15 Hz), t(11) = 3.11 (b, 25 Hz), t(11) = 1.92 (c, 15 Hz), t(11) = 3.16 (c, 25 Hz). n = 6 animals for EYFP and 7 for ChR2. d, e Diagram (d) and virus injection procedure (e) to label the upstream neurons that innervate LH-projecting vlBNST neurons. f ovBNST neurons that are monosynaptically upstream to LH-projecting vlBNST neurons (green) are labeled by dsRed (red) and overlapping with PKC-δ immunostaining (blue). Note the LH-projecting vlBNST neuron (starter cells, green) are located in regions both dorsal and ventral to act, but not in ovBNST. g Quantification of the dsRed cells and PKC-δ neurons in ovBNST. n = 17 brain sections from 3 animals. h Diagram illustrating the expression of ChR2 in both the ovBNST PKC-δ neurons and LH-projecting vlBNST neurons. The control group was injected with AAVretro-tdTomato in LH, thus only ovBNST PKC-δ neurons will express ChR2. i, j Co-activation of the ovBNST PKC-δ neurons and LH-projecting vlBNST neurons increased the food intake in fed (i) and fasted (j) animals. Unpaired t-test, t(10) = 8.96 (i), t(10) = 7.64 (j), n = 6 animals in each group. Data are mean ± s.e.m. Scale bars, 200 µm. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Source data are provided as a separate file