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. 2019 Jun 24;9:9134. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45600-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mice fed the HF/HS diet exhibit an accumulation of cholesterol and cholesterol/lipid oxides in eWAT. (a) eWAT total fatty acids in mice fed either the chow diet (Std) or the high-fat/high sucrose diet (HF/HS) for 180 days. Mann-Whitney U-test, n = 20 (Std) and n = 20 (HF/HS). HODEs (b) and HETEs (c) were measured by LC-MS/MS in eWAT from mice fed either the chow diet (Std) or the high-fat/high sucrose diet (HF/HS) diet for 180 days. Data are presented as the means ± s.e.m. and were analysed using multiple Student’s unpaired t-tests; n = 20 (Std) and n = 20 (HF/HS). ***p < 0.001. The levels of cholesterol (d) and 7-hydroxycholesterols (7-α-hydroxycholesterol, 7α-OH Chol and 7β-hydroxycholestrol, 7-β-OH Chol) (e) in the eWAT of mice fed either the Std or HF/HS diet were measured using GC/MS. Data are presented as the means ± s.e.m. and were analysed using multiple Student’s unpaired t-tests; n = 20 (Std) and n = 20 (HF/HS). **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. (f) eWAT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in the eWAT of mice fed either the Std or HF/HS diet. Data are presented as the means ± s.e.m. and were analysed using multiple Student’s unpaired t-tests, n = 20 (Std) and n = 20 (HF/HS). ***p < 0.001.