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. 2019 Jun 24;9:9117. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45499-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effect of antibiotic supplementation on the insecticide resistance phenotype of Anopheles arabiensis SENN-DDT. Vancomycin treatment significantly increased malathion an deltamethrin-induced mortality in males and females. Gentamicin increased deltamethrin-induced mortality in females. Streptomycin increased malathion and deltamethrin-induced mortality in males and deltamethrin-induced mortality in females. Asterisks denote a significant change from untreated controls of the same sex of the same sex and insecticide exposure. The treatment label is in red to indicate insecticide resistance.