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. 2019 Jun 24;9:9117. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45499-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effect of antibiotic-treated blood on the insecticide resistance phenotype of Anopheles arabiensis SENN-DDT. (A) Malathion-induced mortality 4 hours post antibiotic supplemented blood-meal. Asterisks indicate a significant difference from the exposed, untreated control. (B) Deltamethrin-induced mortality 4 hours post antibiotic supplemented blood-meal. Symbols indicate a significant difference from the exposed, untreated control, with the different symbols indicative a significant difference between treatments. (C) Malathion-induced mortality 24 hours post antibiotic supplemented blood-meal. Asterisks indicate a significant difference from the exposed, untreated control. (D) Deltamethrin-induced mortality 4 hours post antibiotic supplemented blood-meal. Symbols indicate a significant difference from the exposed, untreated control, with the different symbols indicative a significant difference between treatments. The treatment label is in red to indicate insecticide resistance.