Table 4.

Genetic biomarkers of Kawasaki disease.

Gene	Biological function	Study	Year and country	Ethnicity	Polymorphism	Conclusion	References
ITPKC	Calcium channel modulator and regulates calcium release from ER, Acts as negative regulator of T cell activation	Wang et al.	2014, China	Asian	rs2720378, rs2069762	Higher risk of developing KD	(56)
		Peng et al.	2012, China	Asian	rs2290692	Higher risk of developing KD	(57)
		Kou et al.	2011, Taiwan	Asian	rs28493229	Higher risk of developing KD and higher risk of CAAs	(58)
ORAI1	Involved in calcium influx into T-cells and activation of the Ca2+/NFAT pathway, regulates immune system and inflammatory responses	Onouchi et al.	2016, Japan	Asian	rs3741596	Higher risk of developing KD	(59)
CD40	Activates immune system and is involved in immune and inflammatory responses	Lou et al.	2016, Japan	Asian	rs2736340, rs4813003, rs3818298	Higher risk of developing KD	(60)
		Cheng et al.	2015, China	Asian	rs1801274	Higher risk of developing KD	(61)
		Onouchi et al.	2012, Japan	Asian	rs1535045, rs4813003	Higher risk of developing KD	(62)
BLK	Involved in signal transduction and phosphorylation of ITAM residues of Iga and Igb, Responsible for B cell activation	Lou et al.	2015, China	Asian	rs2736340	Higher risk of developing KD	(60)
		Chang et al.	2013, Taiwan	Asian	rs2736340	Higher risk of developing KD	(63)
		Lee et al.	2012, Taiwan	Asian	rs2618476, rs2736340	Higher risk of developing KD	(64)
FCGR2A	Involved in metabolism and turnover of circulating IgG, Required for phagocytosis and clearing of immune complexes	Duan et al.	2014, China	Asian	rs1801274	Higher risk of developing KD	(65)
		Khor et al.	2013, Singapore	Mixed	rs1801274	Higher risk of developing KD	(66)
		Yan et al.	2013, China	Asian	rs1801274	Higher risk of developing CAAs in KD	(67)
CASP3	Involved in cell apoptosis, regulates cellular processes in T cells	Wang et al.	2014, China	Asian	rs2069762, rs2720378	Higher risk of developing KD	(68)
		Onouchi et al.	2010, Japan	Asian	rs72689236	Higher risk of developing KD	(69)
		Kou et al.	2011, Taiwan	Asian	rs72689236	Higher risk of developing KD	(70)
TGFβR2	Regulation of gene transcription	Choi et al.	2012, Korea	Asian		Higher risk of developing KD	(71)
SMAD3	Signal transducer and transcriptional modulator, involved in down-regulation of T-cells and cardiovascular remodeling	Kuo et al.	2011, Taiwan	Asian	rs1438386	Higher risk of developing KD, but not to CAAs	(72)
		Peng et al.	2016, China	Asian	rs1438386	Higher risk of developing KD	(73)
ADAM17	Required for activation of notch signaling pathway and processing	Peng et al.	2016, China	Asian	rs6705408	Higher risk of developing KD and development of CAAs	(73)
MMP-11	Causes breakdown of extracellular matrix	Ban et al.	2010 Korea	Asian	rs738792	Higher risk of developing KD	(74)