Figure 5.

Changes in the protein expression of BDNF, IL-1β, TNF-α, p-NF-κB p65 and Iba1 in the hippocampus induced by pretreatment with B. adolescentis. The mice in the Con, CRS, and Bif+CRS groups were treated with 10 mL/kg distilled water, 10 mL/kg distilled water, and 0.25 × 10⁹ CFU/kg B. adolescentis, respectively, by gavage for 21 days. (A) Western blotting showed that (B) the protein level of BDNF was upregulated by B. adolescentis, and the protein levels of (C) IL-1β, (D) TNF-α, (E) p-NF-κB p65 and (F) Iba1 in the hippocampus were obviously suppressed by B. adolescentis. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was used. *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01 vs. the control; ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 vs. the CRS group; n = 4 per group. Con, Control; CRS, chronic restraint stress; Bif+CRS, B. adolescentis + chronic restraint stress; BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa B; Iba1, ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1.