Figure 6.

Changes in the protein expression of BDNF, IL-1β, TNF-α, and Iba1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus induced by pretreatment with B. adolescentis. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that (A) the protein level of BDNF was upregulated by B. adolescentis, and the protein levels of (B) IL-1β, (C) TNF-α, and (D) Iba1 in the CA1 region of the hippocampus were obviously suppressed by B. adolescentis. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was used. **p < 0.01 vs. the control; ^#p < 0.05 and ^##p < 0.01 vs. the CRS group; n = 3 per group. (E) The CA1 region was identified as shown in the box. Scale bar = 200 μm. (F) Immunofluorescence was performed and subsequently visualized with Cy3 (red)-labeled secondary antibodies. DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear stain. Scale bar = 20 μm. Con, Control; CRS, chronic restraint stress; Bif+CRS, B. adolescentis + chronic restraint stress; BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; Iba1, ionized calcium binding adapter molecule 1.