TABLE 1.
Patient-, treatment-, and pathogen-related variables associated with 30-day mortality in patients with E. faecalis BSIsc
| Variable | Value for group |
Univariable analysisa |
Multivariable analysisa |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 295; 100%) | Nonsurvivors (n = 46; 15.6%) | Survivors (n = 249; 84.4%) | OR (95% CI) | P value | aOR (95% CI) | P value | |
| Patients | |||||||
| Mean age (yr) (range) | 70.0 (58.0–79.0) | 76.0 (62.0–81.0) | 69.0 (57.0–79.0) | 1.02 (0.99–1.04) | 0.083 | ||
| No. (%) of males | 182 (61.7) | 27 (58.7) | 155 (62.2) | 0.85 (0.45–1.63) | 0.622 | ||
| No. (%) with comorbidity | |||||||
| Malignancy | 85 (28.8) | 18 (39.1) | 67 (26.9) | 1.69 (0.87–3.23) | 0.117 | ||
| Diabetes mellitus | 68 (23.1) | 18 (39.1) | 50 (20.1) | 2.48 (1.26–4.82) | 0.008 | ||
| Cardiovascular disease | 53 (18.0) | 16 (34.8) | 37 (14.9) | 2.97 (1.45–5.94) | 0.002 | 2.98 (1.29–6.83) | 0.010 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 48 (16.3) | 7 (15.2) | 41 (16.5) | 0.88 (0.34–2.01) | 0.782 | ||
| Liver cirrhosis | 26 (8.8) | 7 (15.2) | 19 (7.6) | 2.12 (0.78–5.18) | 0.115 | ||
| End-stage renal disease | 56 (19.0) | 13 (28.3) | 43 (17.3) | 1.89 (0.89–3.82) | 0.086 | ||
| Mean Charlson comorbidity index (IQR) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 3.0 (2.0–4.0) | 2.0 (1.0–3.0) | 1.26 (1.10–1.44) | 0.001 | 1.21 (1.02–1.43) | 0.025 |
| No. (%) with host factor | |||||||
| ICU admission | 100 (33.9) | 25 (54.3) | 75 (30.1) | 2.77 (1.46–5.31) | 0.002 | ||
| Hospital-originated infection | 175 (59.3) | 31 (67.4) | 144 (57.8) | 1.47 (0.77–2.93) | 0.258 | ||
| Polymicrobial infection | 67 (22.7) | 15 (32.6) | 52 (20.9) | 1.78 (0.87–3.50 | 0.102 | ||
| Primary site of infection of: | |||||||
| Urinary tract | 33 (11.2) | 5 (10.9) | 28 (11.2) | 0.94 (0.30–2.38) | 0.898 | ||
| Central line | 5 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 5 (2.0) | ||||
| Others | 16 (5.4) | 3 (6.5) | 13 (5.2) | ||||
| Unknown | 241 (81.7) | 38 (82.6) | 203 (81.5) | ||||
| Concurrent infective endocarditis | 6 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 6 (2.4) | ||||
| Mean SOFA score (IQR) | 4.0 (1.0–6.0) | 7.0 (5.0–12.0) | 3.0 (1.0–5.0) | 1.34 (1.23–1.47) | <0.001 | 1.33 (1.21–1.47) | <0.001 |
| No. (%) of patients with adequate antimicrobial treatment | |||||||
| Empirical | 128 (43.4) | 28 (60.9) | 100 (40.2) | 2.32 (1.23–4.48) | 0.011 | 1.84 (0.87–3.94) | 0.111 |
| Definitive | 184 (62.4) | 29 (63.0) | 155 (62.2) | 1.03 (0.54–2.02) | 0.919 | ||
| Pathogens | |||||||
| No. (%) of isolates of strain type | |||||||
| CC16 | 97 (32.9) | 15 (32.6) | 82 (32.0) | 0.99 (0.49–1.90) | 0.967 | ||
| CC28b | 67 (22.7) | 17 (37.0) | 50 (20.1) | 2.38 (1.19–4.66) | 0.012 | ||
| CC507 | 23 (7.8) | 2 (4.3) | 21 (8.4) | 0.48 (0.08–1.72) | 0.334 | ||
| Other STs | 108 (36.6) | 12 (26.1) | 96 (38.6) | 0.56 (0.27–1.11) | 0.107 | ||
| No (%) of isolates nonsusceptible to: | |||||||
| Ampicillin | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||||
| Penicillin | 67 (22.7) | 18 (39.1) | 49 (19.7) | 2.68 (1.35–5.23) | 0.004 | 2.27 (1.01–5.02) | 0.045 |
| Imipenemb | 66 (22.4) | 17 (37.0) | 49 (19.7) | 2.44 (1.22–4.78) | 0.010 | ||
| Ciprofloxacin | 174 (59.0) | 31 (67.4) | 143 (57.4) | 1.50 (0.78–2.98) | 0.237 | ||
| High-level gentamicin | 116 (39.3) | 21 (45.7) | 95 (38.2) | 1.35 (0.71–2.56) | 0.349 | ||
| High-level streptomycin | 44 (14.9) | 9 (19.6) | 35 (14.1) | 1.50 (0.63–3.27) | 0.333 | ||
| Vancomycin | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | ||||
| Teicoplanin | 1 (0.3) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | ||||
| Tetracycline | 217 (73.6) | 38 (82.6) | 179 (71.9) | 1.85 (0.86–4.44) | 0.139 | ||
| Linezolid | 19 (6.4) | 3 (6.5) | 16 (6.4) | ||||
| Tigecycline | 6 (2.0) | 0 (0) | 6 (2.4) | ||||
| No. (%) of isolates with MDR phenotype | 92 (31.2) | 21 (45.7) | 71 (28.5) | 2.12 (1.11–4.03) | 0.022 | ||
Six patients censored before 30 days were excluded from the univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.
CC28 (VIF = 15.1) and nonsusceptibility to imipenem (VIF = 6,496,558) were excluded from multivariate analysis due to multicollinearity with nonsusceptibility to penicillin.
Boldface type indicates variables significantly associated with 30-day mortality in the multivariable analysis. Abbreviations: CC, clonal complex; CI, confidence interval; ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; MDR, multidrug resistant; OR, odds ratio; aOR, adjusted odds ratio; SOFA, sequential organ failure assessment; ST, sequence type.