Table 2.
Comparison of the impacts of FRELP process, for PV panels with different backsheets, and detail of incineration (step 9).
| Impact category | Unit | Incineration (FRELP step 9) |
FRELP (full process) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KPK | PPE | TPT | KPK | PPE | TPT | ||
| Climate change | [kg CO2 eq] | 1492.5 | 1489.7 | 1477.6 | 462.7 | 462.4 | 461.0 |
| Ozone depletion | [kg CFC-11 eq] | 4.4E-06 | 1.1E-06 | 3.1E-06 | 3.3E-05 | 3.2E-05 | 3.3E-05 |
| Human toxicity, cancer effects | [CTUh] | 1.4E-06 | 1.2E-06 | 1.3E-06 | 1.4E-05 | 1.4E-05 | 1.4E-05 |
| Human toxicity, non-cancer effects | [CTUh] | 1.1E-06 | 8.5E-07 | 1.0E-06 | 1.6E-05 | 1.6E-05 | 1.6E-05 |
| Human toxicity (ReCiPe) | [kg 1,4-DB eq] | 711.8 | 6.9 | 437.7 | 380.0 | 302.5 | 349.9 |
| Particulate matter | [kg PM2.5 eq] | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 |
| Ionising radiation HH | [kg U235 eq] | 3.1 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 32.1 | 31.8 | 32.0 |
| Photochemical ozone formation | [kg NMVOC eq] | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
| Acidification | [molc H+ eq] | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 2.7 |
| Acidification (EDIP) | [m2] | 295.7 | 2.9 | 181.8 | 64.6 | 32.4 | 52.1 |
| Terrestrial eutrophication | [molc N eq] | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 12.2 | 12.2 | 12.2 |
| Freshwater eutrophication | [kg P eq] | 0.0019 | 0.0011 | 0.0016 | 0.0539 | 0.0538 | 0.0539 |
| Marine eutrophication | [kg N eq] | 0.13 | 0.12 | 0.13 | 1.10 | 1.09 | 1.09 |
| Freshwater ecotoxicity | [CTUe] | 16.1 | 13.3 | 15.0 | 255.6 | 255.3 | 255.4 |
| Mineral depletion | [kg Sb eq] | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.004 | 0.004 | 0.004 |
| Cumulative energy demand, non-renewable | [MJ] | 313.5 | 65.0 | 216.9 | 3085.4 | 3058.1 | 3074.8 |