TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure participants from Western countries stratified by median intake of low-fat dairy products (68 g/1000 kcal) a
| Variable | Less than 68 g | At least 68 g |
|---|---|---|
| N | 1354 | 1342 |
| Men (n) | 54.2 (734) | 47.3 (635) |
| Age (years) | 49.0 (5.4) | 49.3 (5.4) |
| Education (years) | 14.4(3.2) | 14.7(3.2) |
| Current smokers (%) | 20.2 (274) | 13.6(182) |
| Alcohol intake (g/day) | 9.6 (17.6) | 7.2(12.1) |
| Engagement in moderate and | 3.2 (3.2) | 2.9 (2.9) |
| heavy physical activity (hours/day) | ||
| Taking dietary supplements (%) | 45.2 (612) | 53.3 (715) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.1 (6.0) | 28 2 (5.4) |
| SBP(mmHg) | 120.1 (14.3) | 117.8 (13.7) |
| DBP (mmHg) | 74.5 (10.0) | 73.8 (9.6) |
| History of cardiovascular disease | 15.2 (206) | 14.2 (191) |
| or diabetes mellitus (%) | ||
| Use of antihypertensive treatment (%) | 22.9(310) | 17.8(239) |
| Family history of hypertension (%) | 65.6 (888) | 63 0 (845) |
| Adhering to energy restricted diet (%) | 15.8(214) | 21.8(193) |
| Total energy intake (kcal/24 h) | 2264(711) | 2196 (662) |
| Total carbohydrates (% kcal) | 48(9) | 50(8) |
| Total sugar (% kcal) | 25(9) | 26(7) |
| Lactose (% kcal) | 2(2) | 4(3) |
| Galactose (% kcal) | 0.1 (0.2) | 0.1 (0.2) |
| Total dietary fiber (g/1000 kcal) | 9(4) | 10(4) |
| Total protein (% kcal) | 15(3) | 16(3) |
| Animal protein (% kcal) | 10(3) | 11 (3) |
| Vegetable protein (% kcal) | 5(2) | 5(2) |
| Total fat (% kcal) | 34(7) | 32(7) |
| Dietary calcium (g/1000 kcal) | 453 (142) | 453 (142) |
| Dietary phosphorus (g/1000 kcal) | 549 (94) | 659(133) |
| Food group intakes (g/1000kcal) | ||
| Total dairy products | 68 (75) | 185 (198) |
| Total milk | 35 (58) | 119(120) |
| Total cheese | 20 (20) | 35 (29) |
| Total yogurt | 13(23) | 31 (82) |
| Whole-fat dairy products | 39 (52) | 28 (34) |
| Whole-fat milk | 19 (41) | 8(22) |
| Whole-fat cheese | 14(19) | 11 (30) |
| Whole-fat yogurt | 6(16) | 9(12) |
| Low-fat dairy products | 29(19) | 1 57 (94) |
| Low-fat milk | 16(14) | 111 (78) |
| Low-fat cheese | 6(16) | 24 (33) |
| Low-fat yogurt | 7(14) | 22(19) |
| Whole grains | 25 (32) | 33 (32) |
| Refined grains | 1 62 (74) | 153 (69) |
| Vegetables | 163 (88) | 156 (88) |
| Fruit | 87 (96) | 99 (90) |
| Fish and shellfish | 16(22) | 14(24) |
| Meat | 141 (64) | 118 (62) |
| Urinary sodium (mmol/24h) | 162.5 (60.6) | 156.2 (55.4) |
| Urinary calcium (mmol/24h) | 3.9(2.1) | 4.4 (2.2) |
| Urinary potassium (mmol/24h) | 54.9 (19.8) | 64.4(21.5) |
| Urinary magnesium (mmol/24h) | 4.0(1.5) | 4.3(1.6) |
| Nb | 475 | 552 |
| Urinary volume (dl) | 20.8(8.8) | 21.7(9.1) |
| 24-h albumin excretion (g) | 47.1 (241.8) | 41.7 (299.8) |
| Albumin concentration (g/dl) | 2.3 (10.0) | 2.0 (12.6) |
| Creatinine concentration (mg/dl) | 6.7 (3.2) | 6.3 (2.9) |
| Albumin-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 0.4(2.2) | 0.4 (2.6) |
a
Mean (SD) or percentage (number).
b
Excluding those with one or both albumin concentration values below the detection limit of the assay (1 mg/l).