TABLE 5.

Estimated mean difference in blood pressure associated with 2SD higher intakes of low-fat dairy products and low-fat milk in Western INTERnational study on MAcro/micronutrients and blood Pressure subcohorts

	SBP			DBP
	Difference (95% Cl)			Difference (95% Cl)
Model	mmHg	P		mmHg	P
Excluding participants with a diagnosis of hypertension and users of antihypertensive drugs (n = 1836)a
Low−fat dairy products
Model 1	−3.61 (−5.68 to −1.55)	0.001		−2.11 (−3.60 to −0.63)	0.005
Model 2	−2.60 (−4.68 to −0.53)	0.01		−1.53 (−3.03 to −0.03)	0.05
Model 3	−2.61 (−4.71 to −0.53)	0.02		−1.61 (−3.12 to −0.10)	0.04
Model 3c	−3.20 (−4.30 to −1.09)	0.003		−1.99 (−3.50 to −0.44)	0.01
Low−fat milk
Model 1	−3.53 (−4.69 to −1.52)	0.001		−1.92 (−3.35 to −0.49)	0.01
Model 2	−2.68 (−3.68 to −0.68)	0.01		−1.42 (−2.85 to 0.02)	0.05
Model 3	−3.08 (−4.22 to −0.94)	0.01		−1.60 (−3.15 to −0.06)	0.04
Model 3c	−3.53 (−4.66 to −1.37)	0.001		−1.88 (−3.41 to −0.31)	0.02
Nonhypertensive participants	(n = 1755)b
Low−fat dairy products
Model 1	−2.11 (−3.98 to −0.25)	0.03		−1.33 (−2.72 to −0.11)	0.07
Model 2	−1.18 (−3.05 to −0.11)	0.04		−0.76 (−2.18 to 0.36)	0.28
Model 3	−1.13 (−3.05 to −0.08)	0.04		−0.45 (−1.25 to 0.36)	0.28
Model 3c	−1.67 (−2.54 to −0.31)	0.03		−0.59 (−1.40 to −0.23)	0.04
Low−fat milk
Model 1	−2.44 (−3.22 to −0.65)	0.01		−1.44 (−2.79 to −0.09)	0.04
Model 2	−2.38 (−3.28 to −0.42)	0.02		−0.97 (−2.33 to 0.38)	0.16
Model 3	−2.34 (−3.25 to −0.44)	0.02		−1.37 (−2.82 to 0.08)	0.06
Model 3c	−2.70 (−3.61 to 0.79)	0.01		−1.60 (−3.05 to −0.15)	0.03
Excluding participants with cardiovascular diseases or diabetes mellitus (n= 1570)c
Low−fat dairy products
Model 1	−2.67 (−3.50 to −0.86)	0.005		−1.31 (−2.70 to 0.13)	0.07
Model 2	−1.82 (−3.78 to −0.10)	0.04		−0.86 (−2.30 to 0.59)	0.25
Model 3	−1.84 (−3.77 to −0.13)	0.04		−0.99 (−2.49 to 0.48)	0.18
Model 3c	−2.31 (−3.30 to −0.32)	0.02		−1.33 (−2.80 to 0.14)	0.07
Low−fat milk
Model 1	−2.66 (−3.52 to −0.81)	0.005		−1.20 (−2.57 to 0.18)	0.09
Model 2	−1.96 (−3.82 to −0.11)	0.04		−0.91 (−2.30 to 0.48)	0.20
Model 3	−2.34 (−3.35 to −0.37)	0.02		−1.12 (−2.60 to 0.37)	0.14
Model 3c	−2.68 (−3.67 to −0.69)	0.01		−1.35 (−2.84 to 0.14)	0.07

CI, confidence interval.

^a2SD (g/1000 kcal) low-fat dairy products = 204, low-fat milk = 136.

^b2SD (g/1000 kcal) low-fat dairy products = 206, low-fat milk = 136.

^c2SD (g/1000 kcal) low-fat dairy products = 202, low-fat milk = 132. Adjusted as footnote in Table 2, except Model 3 in low-fat milk, where it was adjusted for variables in Model 2 with whole-fat milk (g/1000 kcal).