TABLE 1.

Investigator studies participating in the NASA 70-day Bed Rest Study and subjects used in each study.

Primary Investigator	Institution	Study Title	Short Title	Subject Groups	Key Dependent Measures
J. Bloomberg	NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX	Physiological Factors Contributing to Post Flight Changes in Functional Performance	Functional Task Test (FTT)	Control Exercise (iRAT) Exercise + Testosterone	Dynamic visual acuity Isometric strength and force control Isotonic power endurance Neuromuscular drive assessments
L. Ploutz-Snyder	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI	Integrated Resistance and Aerobic Training Study	iRATS	Control Exercise (iRAT) Exercise + Testosterone	Muscle cross-sectional area Muscle biopsy Isometric strength and force control Isotonic power endurance Neuromuscular drive assessments
R. Urban	UTMB, Galveston, TX	Testosterone Supplementation as a Countermeasure against Musculoskeletal Losses during Space Exploration	Testosterone Supplementation	Control Exercise (iRAT) Exercise + Testosterone	Body composition Muscle cross-sectional area and volume Isokinetic muscle performance
J. Hunter	Cornell University, Ithaca, NY	Effects of Retronasal Smelling, Variety and Choice on Appetite & Satiety	Retronasal Smelling	Control Exercise (iRAT)	Anterior nasal rhinomanometry Acoustic rhinometry Smell acuity Food acceptability surveys
C. Miller	Smart Information Flow Technologies, LLC, Minneapolis, MN	AD ASTRA: Automated Detection of Attitudes and States through Transaction Recordings Analysis	AD ASTRA	Control Exercise(iRAT) Exercise + Testosterone	Psychological dimensions survey Automated analysis of journal entries
R. Seidler	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI	Bed Rest as a Spaceflight Analog to Study Neuro-cognitive Changes: Extent, Longevity, and Neural Bases	Neuro-mapping	Control Exercise (iRAT)	Functional connectivity MRI Diffusion tensor imaging
G. Vizzeri	UTMB, Galveston, TX	Surveillance of Ocular Parameters and Visual Function in Bed Rest Subjects	Vision	Control Exercise (iRAT) Exercise + Testosterone	Visual acuity Cycloplegic refraction Intraocular pressure Optical coherence tomography
L. Ploutz-Snyder	University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI	Integrated Resistance and Aerobic Exercise Training with Small Compact Exercise Equipment	Flywheel	Control Exercise (Flywheel)	Muscle cross-sectional area Muscle biopsy Isometric strength and force control Isotonic power endurance Neuromuscular drive assessments