Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics of FORECAST participants according to reported behavior change during last suspected fentanyl exposure
| Total | Used as intended | Practiced HRB | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (col %) | No. (row %) | No. (row %) | ||
| Total | 196 (100) | 119 (60.7) | 77 (39.3) | |
| Study center | ||||
| Baltimore | 103 (52.6) | 62 (60.2) | 41 (39.8) | |
| Boston | 53 (27) | 35 (66.0) | 18 (34.0) | |
| Providence | 40 (20.4) | 22 (55.0) | 18 (45.0) | 0.552 |
| Age | ||||
| < 35 | 54 (27.6) | 41 (75.9) | 13 (24.1) | |
| > 35 | 142 (72.4) | 78 (54.9) | 64 (45.1) | 0.007 |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 116 (59.2) | 75 (64.7) | 41 (35.3) | |
| Female | 80 (40.8) | 44 (55.0) | 36 (45.0) | 0.174 |
| Race | ||||
| NH White | 92 (46.9) | 67 (72.8) | 25 (27.2) | |
| NH Black | 63 (32.1) | 30 (47.6) | 33 (52.4) | |
| Hispanic/other | 41 (20.9) | 22 (53.7) | 19 (46.3) | 0.004 |
| Homeless | 135 (68.9) | 83 (61.5) | 52 (38.5) | 0.744 |
| Legally unemployed | 172 (87.8) | 105 (61.0) | 67 (39.0) | 0.799 |
| Drug use, past 6 months | ||||
| Heroin | 182 (92.9) | 109 (59.9) | 73 (40.1) | 0.394 |
| Cocaine | 170 (86.7) | 102 (60.0) | 68 (40.0) | 0.601 |
| Prescription opioid use (illicit/misuse) | 87 (44.4) | 52 (59.8) | 35 (40.2) | 0.809 |
| Crack cocaine | 143 (73) | 81 (56.6) | 62 (43.4) | 0.055 |
| Methamphetamine | 29 (14.8) | 21 (72.4) | 8 (27.6) | 0.162 |
| Illicit benzodiazepine use/misuse | 103 (52.6) | 68 (66.0) | 35 (34.0) | 0.110 |
| Alcohol | 123 (62.8) | 65 (52.8) | 58 (47.2) | 0.003 |
| Polydrug use (> 4) | 104 (53.1) | 60 (57.7) | 44 (42.3) | 0.357 |
| Overdose history | ||||
| Ever overdose | ||||
| No | 55 (28. 2) | 27 (4.1) | 28 (50.9) | |
| Yes | 140 (71.4) | 92 (65.7) | 48 (34.3) | 0.032 |
| Number of overdoses, past year | ||||
| None | 102 (52.0) | 58 (56.9) | 44 (43.1) | |
| One to two | 52 (26.5) | 30 (57.7) | 22 (42.3) | |
| Three or more | 42 (21.4) | 31 (73.8) | 11 (26.2) | 0.074 |
| Ever witnessed a fatal overdose | 91 (46.4) | 56 (61.5) | 35 (38.5) | 0.826 |
| Risk environment | ||||
| Injection drug use | ||||
| Never | 43 (21.9) | 18 (41.9) | 25 (58.1) | |
| Less than daily | 50 (25.5) | 28 (56.0) | 22 (44.0) | |
| ≥ Daily | 103 (52.6) | 73 (70.9) | 30 (29.1) | 0.003 |
| Usual drug use setting, past 30 days | ||||
| Private | 50 (25.5) | 33 (45.2) | 40 (54.8) | |
| Public | 103 (52.6) | 83 (69.7) | 36 (30.3) | 0.001 |
| Usually used drugs alone | 87 (44.4) | 55 (63.2) | 32 (36.8) | 0.521 |
| Rushed buying, using or preparing drugs due to fear of police, past year | 168 (85.7) | 104 (61.9) | 64 (38.1) | 0.403 |
| Sold drugs, past 3 months | 118 (60.2) | 77 (65.3) | 41 (34.8) | 0.109 |
| Arrest, past year | 102 (52) | 64 (62.7) | 38 (37.3) | 0.544 |
| Drug-related arrest, past year | 64 (32.7) | 38 (59.4) | 26 (40.6) | 0.789 |
| Drug treatment and harm reduction | ||||
| Drug treatment (any), past 6 months | 120 (61.2) | 67 (55.8) | 53 (44.2) | 0.060 |
| Medication-assisted treatment | 81 (41.3) | 43 (53.1) | 38 (46.9) | 0.066 |
| Rehabilitation or detoxification | 51 (26) | 31 (60.8) | 20 (39.2) | 0.991 |
| Counseling/mental health/support group | 57 (29.1) | 27 (47.4) | 30 (52.6) | 0.014 |
| Carry naloxone | 105 (53.6) | 66 (62.9) | 39 (37.1) | 0.637 |
Significant p values (< 0.05) are shown in italics