Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients and univariable analysis of risk factors for DVT
| Perioperative factors | DVT (n = 73) | NonDVT (n = 292) | P value | OR | (95%CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 66.52 ± 9.89 | 62.50 ± 12.28 | 0.021 | 1.026 | (1.004–1.049 |
| ≤ 60 | 17 (23.29%) | 102 (34.93%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| > 60 to ≤ 70 | 26 (35.62%) | 116 (39.93%) | 0.419 | 1.290 | (0.696–2.389) |
| > 70 | 30 (41.10%) | 74 (25.34%) | 0.020 | 2.029 | (1.116–3.688) |
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 16 (21.92%) | 100 (34.25%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Female | 57 (78.08%) | 192 (65.75%) | 0.073 | 1.660 | (0.953–2.891) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | |||||
| Mean ± SD | 26.20 ± 4.03 | 25.14 ± 3.85 | 0.063 | 1.053 | (0.997–1.113) |
| < 25 | 32 (43.84%) | 162 (55.48%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| ≥ 25 | 41 (56.16%) | 130 (44.52%) | 0.113 | 1.454 | (0.916–2.309) |
| ASA class | |||||
| I | 35 (47.95%) | 103 (34.27%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| II | 31 (42.47%) | 151 (51.72%) | 0.105 | 0.669 | (0.412–1.088) |
| III and IV | 7 (9.86%) | 38 (13.01%) | 0.237 | 0.613 | (0.272–1.380) |
| Hypertension | |||||
| No | 47 (64.38%) | 224 (76.71%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 26 (35.62%) | 68 (23.29%) | 0.052 | 1.625 | (0.995–2.652) |
| Type 2 diabetes | |||||
| No | 68 (93.15%) | 272 (93.15%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 5 (6.85%) | 20 (6.85%) | 0.052 | 1.625 | (0.995–2.652) |
| Preoperative Hb (g/dL) | 127.69 ± 12.86 | 129 ± 16.48 | 0.393 | 0.994 | (0.979–1.008) |
| Preoperative analgesic use | |||||
| No | 63 (86.30%) | 218 (74.66%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 10 (13.70%) | 74 (25.34%) | 0.062 | 0.529 | (0.271–1.003) |
| Surgical site | |||||
| THA | 18 (24.66%) | 144 (49.32%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| TKA | 55 (75.34%) | 148 (50.68%) | 0.001 | 2.445 | (1.435–4.167) |
| Surgical type | |||||
| Primary unilateral | 46 (63.01%) | 247 (84.59%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Simultaneous bilateral | 23 (31.51%) | 35 (11.99%) | 0.000 | 2.542 | (1.537–4.203) |
| Unilateral revision | 4 (5.48%) | 10 (3.42%) | 0.247 | 1.830 | (0.658–5.087) |
| Operative time (min) | 99.04 ± 35.86 | 98.11 ± 48.70 | 0.089 | 1.000 | (0.995–1.005) |
| Intraoperative blood loss (mL) | 228.70 ± 286.97 | 246.21 ± 287.47 | 0.676 | 1.000 | (0.999–1.001) |
| TXA use | |||||
| No | 21 (28.77%) | 136 (46.58%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 52 (71.23%) | 156 (53.42%) | 0.015 | 1.873 | (1.127–3.110) |
| Drain use | |||||
| No | 4 (5.48%) | 164 (56.16%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 69 (94.52%) | 128 (43.84%) | 0.002 | 4.781 | (1.737–13.164) |
| Transfusion use | |||||
| No | 40 (54.79%) | 226 (77.40%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 33 (45.21%) | 66 (22.60%) | 0.001 | 2.233 | (1.405–3.550) |
| Human serum albumin use | |||||
| No | 67 (91.78%) | 267 (91.44%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 6 (8.22%) | 25 (8.56%) | 0.993 | 0.964 | (0.417–2.233) |
| Physical thromboprophylaxis use | |||||
| No | 40 (54.79%) | 100 (34.25%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| Yes | 33 (45.21%) | 192 (65.75%) | 0.004 | 0.499 | (0.311–0.799) |
| Start time of drug anticoagulation | |||||
| Pre-operation | 2 (2.74%) | 34 (11.64%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| ≤ 8 h after operation | 27 (36.99%) | 170 (58.22%) | 0.217 | 2.479 | (0.586–10.484) |
| > 8 h to ≤ 12 h | 18 (24.66%) | 49 (16.78%) | 0.035 | 4.844 | (1.115–21.041) |
| > 12 h | 26 (35.62%) | 39 (13.36%) | 0.007 | 7.318 | (1.731–30.927) |
| Ambulation time | |||||
| ≤ 24 h | 8 (10.96%) | 96 (32.88%) | 1.00 (reference) | – | – |
| > 24 h to ≤ 48 h | 8 (10.96%) | 64 (21.92%) | 0.425 | 1.494 | (0.557–4.006) |
| > 48 h to ≤ 72 h | 15 (20.55%) | 82 (28.08%) | 0.096 | 2.091 | (0.878–4.981) |
| ≥ 72 h | 42 (57.53%) | 50 (17.12%) | 0.000 | 6.225 | (2.89513.384) |
DVT deep vein thrombosis, BMI body mass index, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, TXA tranexamic acid, Hb hemoglobin