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. 2019 Jun 24;21:153. doi: 10.1186/s13075-019-1935-6

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Effects of combined treatment with artesunate and MTX on primary RA-FLS. a–c After combined treatment with artesunate and MTX for 24 h, wound healing and transwell assays showed the capacity of horizontal migration (a), vertical migration (b), and invasion (c) of primary RA-FLS. d–f Effects of combined treatment with artesunate and MTX on the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in primary RA-FLS were measured by Western blot (d), qPCR (e), and ELISA (f). d–f shared the same figure key. Each bar represents mean ± SD from 6 RA patients. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, compared with RA-FLS without artesunate treatment. ^△P < 0.05, ^△△P < 0.01, compared with RA-FLS treatment with MTX (10 nM)