Table 2. Molecular epidemiology and diagnosis tools for Cryptosporidium genotyping and subtyping.

Target

✓ SSU rRNA (18S rRNA gene)

✓ 60-kDa glycoprotein gene (gp60)

✓ 70-kDa heat shock protein gene (hsp70)

✓ Oocyst wall protein gene (cowp)

✓ Actin gene

✓ β -tubulin gene

✓ Thrombospondin-related adhesive protein gene (tiap -C1 ad tiap -C2)

✓ ITS1 of rRNA

✓ Dihydrofolate reductase gene (dhfr)

Molecular techniques

✓ Single-round and nested PCR

✓ PCR-RFLP

✓ Real-time PCR

✓ Single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis

✓ Melting curve analysis

✓ Microarray

✓ DNA sequencing

✓ Multilocus fragment (MLFT) or sequence (MLST) typing

✓ New generation sequencing (NGS)

Adapted from unpublished data of Ana Luz Galvan.