Table 2.

Relationship between HL and its subscales with HbA1c mediated by self-care

	β	SEM (β)	P-value
Total HL score (Model 1)
Direct effect
Total HL score → HbA1c	−0.1	0.14	0.47
Total HL score → Self-care	0.61	0.10	<0.001
Self-care → HbA1c	−0.39	0.16	0.01
Indirect effect
Total HL score → HbA1c	−0.24	0.11	0.042
Total effect
Total HL score → HbA1c	−0.34	0.68	<0.001
Functional HL (Model 2)
Direct effect
Functional HL → HbA1c	−0.02	0.08	0.82
Functional HL → Self-care	0.33	0.10	0.001
Self-care → HbA1c	−0.46	0.10	<0.001
Indirect effect
Functional HL → HbA1c	−0.15	0.06	0.01
Total effect
Functional HL → HbA1c	−0.17	0.06	0.006
Communicative HL (Model 3)
Direct effect
Communicative HL → HbA1c	−0.06	0.08	0.46
Communicative HL → Self-care	0.36	0.10	<0.001
Self-care → HbA1c	−0.43	0.11	<0.001
Indirect effect
Communicative HL → HbA1c	−0.16	0.06	0.01
Total effect
Communicative HL → HbA1c	−0.22	0.06	<0.001
Critical HL (Model 4)
Direct effect
Critical HL → HbA1c	−0.09	0.12	0.44
Critical HL → Self-care	0.59	0.09	<0.001
Self-care → HbA1c	−0.38	0.14	0.01
Indirect effect
Critical HL → HbA1c	−0.22	0.10	0.03
Total effect
Critical HL → HbA1c	−0.31	0.06	<0.001

Abbreviations: SEM, structural equation modelling; HL, health literacy; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin.