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. 2019 Jun 1;7(2):e12431. doi: 10.2196/12431

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©Connor Buffel, June van Aalst, Anne-Marie Bangels, Jaan Toelen, Karel Allegaert, Sarah Verschueren, Geert Vander Stichele. Originally published in JMIR Serious Games (http://games.jmir.org), 01.06.2019.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Serious Games, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://games.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.

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Study design flowchart. STAI: State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; mYPAS: modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale; WBFPRS: Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale.