. 2019 Jun 6;21(6):e12165. doi: 10.2196/12165

Table 5.

Spearman rank correlations between Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-Assessment Test Item scores and statistically significant predictor variables emerging from hierarchical linear regression models. Values in parentheses indicate P values.

CAT^a items	Age	Education level	Comorbidity (yes=1/no=0)^b	COPD^c knowledge	Health literacy	Electronic health literacy
(1) Cough frequency	.23^d (.002)	.20^d (.009)	−1.18 (.24)	−.14 (.07)	.18^e (.02)	.15 (.06)
(2) Chest congestion	.21^d (.005)	.10 (.17)	−1.40 (.16)	−.05 (.51)	.15 (.06)	.19^d (.013)
(3) Chest tightness	.30 (<.001)	.31 (<.001)	−2.46^e (.014)	−.06 (.45)	.25^d (.001)	.17^e (.02)
(4) Breathlessness walking uphill	.10 (.19)	.23^d (.002)	−.03 (.98)	.03 (.67)	.12 (.13)	.08 (.29)
(5) Activity limitations at home	.117 (.12)	.35 (<.001)	−1.83 (.07)	−.06 (.46)	.235^d (.002)	.19^e (.01)
(6) Confidence leaving home	.18^e (.02)	.24^d (.001)	−2.20^e(.03)	.04 (.62)	.29 (<.001)	.14 (.06)
(7) Sleep quality	.32 (<.001)	.24^d (.001)	−1.71 (.08)	−.01 (.93)	.25^d (.001)	.15^e (.04)
(8) Energy level	.22^d (.003)	.31 (<.001)	−2.90^d (.004)	−.01 (.93)	.30 (<.001)	.18^e (.02)

^aCAT: COPD Assessment Test.

^bResults of Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test.

^cCOPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

^dP<.01.

^eP<.05.