(A) Schematic of an E13.5 Vangl2WT embryo, depicting the lateral, intermediate, and midline regions. (B) Quantification of cell height along apical-basal axis. n = 300 cells per genotype. Whiskers indicate minimum and maximum values, + indicates the mean. Lateral vs Intermediate, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001; Lateral vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001; Intermediate vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001. (C) Quantification of basal cross-sectional areas. Each dot represents average surface area of all cells in a single field of view. Two images per region were analyzed, from each of three embryos, for a total of 6 measurements per region. Bars are mean with SEM. Lateral vs Intermediate, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p=0.4872; Lateral vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001; Intermediate vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001. (D) Quantification of cell elongations. Each dot represents the average elongation value of all cells in a field of view. Two images per region were analyzed, from each of three embryos, for a total of 6 measurements per region. Bars represent mean with SEM. Lateral vs Intermediate, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p=0.0125; Lateral vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p=0.2256; Intermediate vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p=0.0432. (E) Quantification of cell density, as number of cells per image (875 μm2). Each dot represents a single field of view. Two images per region were analyzed, from each of three embryos, for a total of 6 measurements per region. Bars represent mean with SD. Lateral vs Intermediate, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p=0.8567; Lateral vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001; Intermediate vs Midline, unpaired two-tailed t-test, p<0.0001. (F–H) Representative images of cell divisions in the lateral, intermediate, and midline regions in E13.5 Vangl2WT; K14-H2B-GFP embryos. Hoechst and membrane-tdTomato mark the nuclei and cell membranes, respectively. (I–K) Division orientations in the lateral, intermediate, and midline regions. Lateral: n = 99 divisions pooled from three embryos; Intermediate: n = 109 divisions pooled from three embryos; Midline: n = 50 divisions pooled from three embryos. Modified Kuiper’s Test: lateral vs intermediate, p=7.2638e-04; lateral vs midline, p=9.8559e-06; intermediate vs midline, p=1..5851e-04. (L) Distribution of planar vs oblique + perpendicular division orientations in the lateral, intermediate, and midline regions.