TABLE 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| Obese |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 827) | No (n = 429) | Yes (n = 398) | p Value* | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, yrs | 62.2 (53.5–71.5) | 65.0 (55.3–75.2) | 59.6 (51.2–66.6) | <0.01 |
| Female | 576 (69.6) | 278 (64.8) | 298 (74.9) | <0.01 |
| White | 459 (55.5) | 266 (62.0) | 193 (48.5) | <0.01 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.6 (25.4–36.0) | 25.6 (23.0–27.7) | 36.3 (32.7–42.7) | <0.01 |
| Medical history | ||||
| Hypertension | 654 (79.1) | 309 (72.0) | 345 (86.7) | <0.01 |
| Dyslipidemia | 477 (57.7) | 238 (55.5) | 239 (60.1) | 0.18 |
| Diabetes | 263 (31.8) | 84 (19.6) | 179 (45.0) | <0.01 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 43 (3.8) | 21 (4.9) | 10 (2.5) | 0.07 |
| Stroke | 39 (4.7) | 26 (6.1) | 13 (3.3) | 0.06 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 81 (9.8) | 35 (8.2) | 46 (11.6) | 0.10 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 26 (3.1) | 11 (2.6) | 15 (3.8) | 0.32 |
| Tobacco use | 72 (8.7) | 36 (8.4) | 36 (9.0) | 0.74 |
| Medications | ||||
| Aspirin | 434 (52.5) | 236 (55.0) | 198 (49.7) | 0.13 |
| Beta-blocker | 349 (42.2) | 168 (39.2) | 181 (45.5) | 0.07 |
| RAS blocker | 247 (29.9) | 102 (23.8) | 145 (36.4) | <0.01 |
| Statin | 414 (50.1) | 207 (48.3) | 207 (52.0) | 0.28 |
| Insulin | 90 (10.9) | 22 (5.1) | 68 (17.1) | <0.01 |
| Nitrate | 49 (5.9) | 26 (6.1) | 23 (5.8) | 0.86 |
| Laboratory values | ||||
| Serum creatinine, mg/dl | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.8 (0.7–1.0) | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.41 |
| eGFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 84.4 (70.4–97.1) | 81.9 (70.0–94.2) | 87.5 (70.9–99.7) | <0.01 |
| Noninvasive imaging parameters | ||||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction, % | 63.0 (57.0–70.0) | 63.0 (57.0–70.0) | 62.0 (57.0–68.0) | 0.09 |
| Rest myocardial blood flow, ml/min/g | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | <0.01 |
| Stress myocardial blood flow, ml/min/g | 2.2 (1.7–2.9) | 2.5 (1.9–3.1) | 2.0 (1.5–2.6) | <0.01 |
| Stress coronary vascular resistance, mm Hg/(ml/min/g)† | 39.7 (30.3–54.1) | 36.0 (27.3–46.0) | 45.4 (35.3–61.7) | <0.01 |
| Coronary flow reserve | 2.1 (1.6–2.5) | 2.1 (1.7–2.6) | 2.0 (1.5–2.5) | 0.02 |
Values are median (interquartile range) or n (%).
*
Comparison between obese groups, and based on the chi-square test for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon rank sum test for continuous variables.
†
Stress coronary vascular resistance is calculated by dividing stress mean arterial pressure by coronary flow reserve.
eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate; RAS = renin-angiotensin system.