Table 2.
Change in term birth weight (g) associated with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in mean gestational month pollutant concentrations
| Pollutant | PM2.5 (IQR = 3.25 µg/m3) | BC (IQR = 0.28 µg/m3) | UFP (IQR = 1800 N/cm3) | AMP (IQR = 400 N/cm3) | SO2 (IQR = 2.65 ppb) | O3 (IQR = 0.012 ppb) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational month | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) |
| 1 | 68,173 | −2.1 (−9.2, 4.9) | 68,949 | 13.4 (3.4, 23.4) | 63,712 | 5.5 (−1.6, 12.7) | 62,193 | 5.4 (−2.7, 13.5) | 74,198 | −1.8 (−17.3, 13.7) | 74,326 | −15.8 (−31.5, −0.1) |
| 2 | 68,788 | 1.1 (−5.9, 8.1) | 69,590 | −3.0 (−12.8, 6.9) | 64,173 | 0.8 (−6.5, 8.1) | 62,651 | −4.9 (−13.0, 3.2) | 74,751 | 2.3 (−13.0, 17.6) | 74,751 | 1.9 (−13.8, 17.6) |
| 3 | 69,152 | −1.3 (−8.2, 5.6) | 70,070 | −1.6 (−11.2, 7.9) | 64,808 | −0.6 (−8.1, 6.9) | 63,300 | −0.8 (−8.9, 7.3) | 74,751 | −2.2 (−17.5, 13.1) | 74,751 | 10.0 (−5.6, 25.6) |
| 4 | 69,830 | 2.4 (−4.4, 9.1) | 70,483 | −1.6 (−11.0, 7.7) | 65,142 | 1.0 (−6.5, 8.6) | 63,681 | 0.1 (−7.9, 8.1) | 74,558 | −2.6 (−17.9, 12.7) | 74,558 | 11.0 (−4.3, 26.2) |
| 5 | 70,335 | −1.6 (−8.3, 5.1) | 71,023 | 2.1 (−7.3, 11.5) | 65,739 | −1.3 (−8.7, 6.0) | 64,348 | 2.0 (−6.1, 10.1) | 74,425 | −0.6 (−16.1, 14.9) | 74,425 | −7.6 (−22.3, 7.2) |
| 6 | 71,019 | 1.9 (−4.7, 8.5) | 71,567 | 5.1 (−4.4, 14.5) | 65,972 | −7.5 (−14.5, −0.4) | 64,563 | −0.1 (−7.9, 7.7) | 74,381 | 2.1 (−13.4, 17.6) | 74,381 | 0.9 (−13.6, 15.3) |
| 7 | 71,668 | 0.6 (−5.3, 6.8) | 72,079 | −5.8 (−15.3, 3.8) | 66,422 | −6.3 (−13.3, 0.6) | 64,996 | −5.2 (−13.1, 2.6) | 74,470 | −3.2 (−19.1, 12.7) | 74,470 | 17.2 (3.1, 31.4) |
| 8 | 72,209 | 0.7 (−5.5, 6.9) | 72,479 | −0.0 (−9.6, 9.6) | 66,825 | 4.4 (−2.4, 11.2) | 65,409 | 2.6 (−5.2, 10.5) | 74,342 | −0.4 (−16.9, 16.1) | 74,342 | −0.9 (−15.1, 13.3) |
| 9 | 72,694 | 2.4 (−3.8, 8.5) | 73,009 | −6.1 (−15.9, 3.6) | 66,972 | 1.1 (−5.7, 7.9) | 65,503 | −2.8 (−10.6, 5.0) | 74,297 | −9.1 (−25.4, 7.2) | 74,297 | 0.5 (−13.8, 14.9) |
| Last 31 days | 72,661 | −3.9 (−9.9, 2.1) | 72,885 | −6.0 (−15.5, 3.6) | 66,968 | −1.5 (−8.1, 5.1) | 65,544 | −3.4 (−10.9, 4.2) | 74,281 | −11.1 (−27.0, 4.8) | 74,281 | 0.6 (−12.1, 13.2) |
Models adjusted for temperature of each gestational month, gestational ages, year of birth, month of conception, sex of infant, parity, maternal education, maternal country of birth, maternal race, maternal ethnicity, maternal tobacco use, maternal drug use, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, previous preterm birth, previous cesarean section, pre-pregnancy diabetes, pre-pregnancy hypertension, hospital of birth, trimester of first prenatal care visit, primary provider of prenatal care, primary payer for prenatal care
PM2.5: fine particles (aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 µm). UFP ultrafine particles (particles with diameters < 100 nm), AMP accumulation mode particles (particles with diameters 100–470 nm), BC black carbon (a marker of traffic pollution), SO2 sulfur dioxide, O3 ozone