Table 3.
Term birth weight change (g) associated with each interquartile range (IQR) increase in mean PM2.5 concentrations during each gestational month, by infant gender, maternal ethnicity, maternal employment, and pregnant complications
| Gestational month | INFANT GENDER | MATERNAL ETHNICITY | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male | Female | p for interaction | Hispanic | Non-Hispanic | p for interaction | |||||
| n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight Change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | |||
| 1 | 34,558 | 0.8 (−7.2, 8.8) | 33,615 | −5.2 (−13.2, 2.9) | 0.126 | 6787 | −16.5 (−30.3, −2.7) | 61,386 | −0.6 (−7.8, 6.6) | 0.017 |
| 2 | 34,855 | −0.1 (−8.1, 7.8) | 33,933 | 2.3 (−5.6, 10.3) | 0.526 | 6847 | −10.5 (−24.3, 3.3) | 61,941 | 2.3 (−4.8, 9.4) | 0.056 |
| 3 | 35,007 | −5.6 (−13.5, 2.3) | 34,145 | 3.1 (−4.8, 11.0) | 0.024 | 6885 | −8.9 (−22.7, 4.9) | 62,267 | −0.5 (−7.5, 6.5) | 0.209 |
| 4 | 35,397 | −0.4 (−8.1, 7.3) | 34,433 | 5.3 (−2.5, 13.1) | 0.145 | 6918 | −5.6 (−19.1, 8.0) | 62,912 | 3.2 (−3.7, 10.0) | 0.186 |
| 5 | 35,650 | −3.0 (−10.7, 4.7) | 34,685 | −0.2 (−7.9, 7.5) | 0.467 | 6996 | −15.8 (−29.3, −2.3) | 63,339 | −0.1 (−6.9, 6.7) | 0.018 |
| 6 | 36,031 | 3.5 (−4.0, 11.1) | 34,988 | 0.2 (−7.4, 7.9) | 0.395 | 7040 | −20.4 (−34.0, −6.8) | 63,979 | 4.1 (−2.5, 10.8) | <0.001 |
| 7 | 36,371 | 1.9 (−5.3, 9.1) | 35,297 | −0.7 (−7.9, 6.5) | 0.497 | 7102 | −10.8 (−23.8, 2.3) | 64,566 | 1.8 (−4.5, 8.1) | 0.052 |
| 8 | 36,639 | 1.1 (−6.1, 8.3) | 35,570 | 0.4 (−6.9, 7.6) | 0.851 | 7170 | −10.2 (−23.1, 2.6) | 65,039 | 1.9 (−4.4, 8.3) | 0.057 |
| 9 | 36,842 | −0.6 (−7.7, 6.6) | 35,852 | 5.4 (−1.8, 12.5) | 0.109 | 7194 | −6.0 (−18.9, 7.0) | 65,500 | 3.2 (−3.0, 9.5) | 0.151 |
| Last 31 days | 36,851 | −6.8 (−13.8, 0.2) | 35,810 | −1.0 (−8.0, 6.1) | 0.117 | 7177 | −16.4 (−29.1, −3.6) | 65,484 | −2.6 (−8.1, 3.5) | 0.030 |
| Gestational month | MATERNAL EMPLOYMENT | PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS a | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed | Unemployed | p for interaction | No | Yes | p for interaction | |||||
| n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | n | Birth weight change (g) (95% CI) | |||
| 1 | 43,607 | 0.7 (−6.9, 8.3) | 24,566 | −7.2 (−16.0, 1.5) | 0.051 | 50,332 | −2.4 (−9.8, 5.0) | 17,841 | −1.3 (−10.9, 8.3) | 0.812 |
| 2 | 43,978 | 3.4 (−4.2, 11.0) | 24,810 | −3.0 (−11.6, 5.7) | 0.117 | 50,824 | 0.9 (−6.4, 8.3) | 17,964 | 1.5 (−8.0, 11.0) | 0.891 |
| 3 | 44,153 | 0.3 (−7.2, 7.8) | 24,999 | −4.0 (−12.6, 4.6) | 0.293 | 51,119 | −1.5 (−8.7, 5.8) | 18,033 | −1.0 (−10.5, 8.4) | 0.919 |
| 4 | 44,605 | 3.0 (−4.4, 10.3) | 25,225 | 1.3 (−7.1, 9.7) | 0.683 | 51,634 | 1.5 (−5.6, 8.6) | 18,196 | 4.4 (−4.9, 13.7) | 0.504 |
| 5 | 44,875 | −2.9 (−10.2, 4.4) | 25,460 | 0.5 (−7.9, 8.9) | 0.399 | 51,957 | −2.2 (−9.3, 4.8) | 18,378 | 0.4 (−8.9, 9.7) | 0.554 |
| 6 | 45,351 | 2.0 (−5.2, 9.1) | 25,668 | 1.8 (−6.5, 10.1) | 0.968 | 52,460 | −1.0 (−7.9, 5.9) | 18,559 | 10.3 (1.1, 19.5) | 0.010 |
| 7 | 45,763 | 1.1 (−5.7, 7.8) | 25,905 | −0.2 (−8.1, 7.8) | 0.749 | 52,907 | −0.7 (−7.3, 5.8) | 18,761 | 4.6 (−4.2, 13.3) | 0.219 |
| 8 | 46,087 | 2.5 (−4.3, 9.3) | 26,122 | −2.6 (−10.5, 5.4) | 0.193 | 53,327 | 0.7 (−5.9, 7.3) | 18,882 | 0.8 (−7.9, 9.5) | 0.983 |
| 9 | 46,403 | 5.3 (−1.4, 12.0) | 26,291 | −3.0 (−10.9, 4.9) | 0.031 | 53,711 | 2.5 (−4.0, 9.1) | 18,983 | 2.0 (−6.7, 10.6) | 0.895 |
| Last 31 days | 43,607 | −0.9 (−7.4, 5.7) | 24,566 | −9.6 (−17.3, −1.8) | 0.025 | 53,668 | −3.8 (−10.1, 2.6) | 18,993 | −4.3 (−12.8, 4.3) | 0.908 |
aIncluding gestational diabetes, gestational hypertension, eclampsia, abnormal birth conditions, and fetus at risk