Table 1:
Characteristics of Sakh’umndeni Safer conception service female clients at Witkoppen Health and Welfare Centre, Johannesburg, South Africa (n=334)
| Early Exit from Study (N=152) | Completed Six months of follow-up (N=182) | Total (N=334) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual Level Characteristics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 34.0 (30.0–38.5) | 33.0 (30.0–37.0) | 34.0 (30.0–38.0) | 0.341 |
| Partner age, median (IQR) | 38.0 (33.0–43.0) | 37.9 (34.0–41.0) | 38.0 (34.0–42.0) | 0.331 |
| Employed, n (%) | 91 (59.9%) | 125 (68.7%) | 216 (64.7%) | 0.093 |
| Median monthly income, USD (IQR) | 344.0 (172.0–516.0) | 344.0 (215.0–516.0) | 344.0 (215.0–516.0) | 0.732 |
| Completed Education, n (%) | 0.216 | |||
| Grade school or less | 94 (61.8%) | 127 (69.8%) | 221 (66.2%) | |
| Completed secondary | 39 (25.7%) | 41 (22.5%) | 80 (24.0%) | |
| Tertiary | 19 (12.5%) | 14 (7.7%) | 33 (9.9%) | |
| Residence, n (%) | 0.877 | |||
| Northern Johannesburg | 132 (86.8%) | 157 (86.3%) | 289 (86.5%) | |
| Outside of northern Johannesburg | 20 (13.2%) | 25 (13.7%) | 45 (13.5%) | |
| Partnership Level Characteristics | ||||
| HIVstatus within the partnership, n (%) | 0.024 | |||
| F (−) | M (+) | 20 (13.2%) | 23 (12.6%) | 43 (12.9%) | |
| F (+) | M (+) | 56 (36.8%) | 93 (51.1%) | 149 (44.6%) | |
| F (+) | M (−) (unknown) | 76 (50.0%) | 66 (36.3%) | 142 (42.5%) | |
| Male partner HIV status, n(%) | 0.039 | |||
| HIV- | 63 (41.4%) | 56 (30.8%) | 119 (35.6%) | |
| HIV+ | 76 (50.0%) | 116 (63.7%) | 192 (57.5%) | |
| Unknown | 13 (8.6%) | 10 (5.5%) | 23 (6.9%) | |
| Age difference between partners | 0.357 | |||
| < 5 years | 87 (57.2%) | 95 (52.2%) | 182 (54.5%) | |
| > 5 years | 65 (42.8%) | 87 (47.8%) | 152 (45.5%) | |
| Relationship Duration with current partner, median (IQR) | 6.0 (2.0–10.0) | 4.0 (3.00–10.0) | 5.0 (2.0–10.0) | 0.507 |
| Clinical & Behavioral Characteristics | ||||
| a On Antiretroviral Therapy, n (%) | 0.656 | |||
| No | 20 (15.2%) | 27 (17.1%) | 47 (16.2%) | |
| Yes | 112 (84.8%) | 131 (82.9%) | 243 (83.8%) | |
| Female HIV status and HAART use | 0.905 | |||
| HIV- | 20 (13.2%) | 23 (12.6%) | 43 (12.9%) | |
| HIV+, no HAART | 20 (13.2%) | 28 (15.4%) | 48 (14.4%) | |
| HIV+, HAART 0–2 years | 53 (34.9%) | 58 (31.9%) | 111 (33.2%) | |
| HIV+, HAART 2+ years | 59 (38.8%) | 73 (40.1%) | 132 (39.5%) | |
| a, b Female Baseline Viral Load | 0.528 | |||
| undetectable, n (%) | 81 (63.3%) | 93 (59.6%) | 174 (61.3%) | |
| a, c Female CD4, n (%) | 0.405 | |||
| <200 | 13 (10.2%) | 11 (7.0%) | 24 (8.4%) | |
| 201–349 | 31 (24.2%) | 30 (19.1%) | 61 (21.4%) | |
| 350–499 | 31 (24.2%) | 37 (23.6%) | 68 (23.9%) | |
| 500 or more | 53 (41.4%) | 79 (50.3%) | 132 (46.3%) | |
| Weight in kilograms, median (IQR) | 70.9 (59.5–79.8) | 66.6 (58.6–79.3) | 69.0 (59.0–79.5) | 0.766 |
| Current or History of STI, n (%) | 9 (5.9%) | 9 (4.9%) | 18 (5.4%) | 0.694 |
| Smoker | 11 (7.2%) | 8 (4.4%) | 19 (5.7%) | 0.264 |
| Partner Smoker | 49 (32.2%) | 43 (23.6%) | 92 (27.5%) | 0.080 |
| Any alcohol consumption by partner | 66 (43.4%) | 55 (30.2%) | 121 (36.2%) | 0.010 |
| d Alcoholic drinks per week, median (IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | <0.01 |
| History of TB, n (%) | 19 (12.5%) | 28 (15.4%) | 47 (14.1%) | 0.450 |
| Reported erectile dysfunction | 8 (5.3%) | 22 (12.1%) | 30 (9.0%) | 0.030 |
| Condomless sex acts per month, median (IQR) | 1.6 (0.0–3.4) | 2.9 (1.5–4.3) | 2.3 (1.0–4.3) | 0.182 |
| Accompanied by Partner in clinic | 73 (48.0%) | 119 (65.4%) | 192 (57.5%) | <0.01 |
| Reproductive History | ||||
| History of previous pregnancy | 111 (73.0%) | 145 (79.7%) | 256 (76.6%) | 0.153 |
| Previously been pregnant with current partner, n (%) | 46 (30.3%) | 70 (38.5%) | 116 (34.7%) | 0.117 |
| Number of live births | 0.016 | |||
| Zero | 62 (40.8%) | 50 (27.5%) | 112 (33.5%) | |
| One | 59 (38.8%) | 75 (41.2%) | 134 (40.1%) | |
| Two or more | 31 (20.4%) | 57 (31.3%) | 88 (26.3%) | |
| e Reported history of abortion | 6 (5.4%) | 16 (11.0%) | 22 (8.6%) | 0.111 |
| e Reported history of miscarriage | 37 (33.3%) | 44 (30.3%) | 81 (31.6%) | 0.610 |
| Age at Menarche, median (range) | 15 (14–16) | 15 (14–16) | 15 (14–16) | 0.408 |
| Flow days in Menstrual Cycle, median (range) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 4 (3–5) | 0.972 |
| Missed or irregular period in the past three months | 27 (17.8%) | 36 (19.8%) | 63 (18.9%) | 0.639 |
| Tried to conceive for at least one year and failed | 64 (42.1%) | 65 (35.7%) | 129 (38.6%) | 0.232 |
IQR: interquartile range, USD: United States Dollar, HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy, STI: sexually transmitted infection, TB: Turberculosis, Undetectable viral load (<50 copies/mL)
a
Among HIV+ female clients (n=291)
b
Baseline viral loads available for 284 HIV+ women
c
CD4 counts available for 285 HIV+ women
d
Among partners with any reported alcohol (n=121)
e
Among clients who have history of previous pregnancy (n=256)