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. 2019 Jun 25;9:9251. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45461-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Antibody responses elicited by immunization with quadrivalent vaccine. White Landrace pigs (n = 3/group) were vaccinated with quadrivalent vaccine by intradermal microneedle injection or intramuscular injection. Antibody levels were determined by ELISA using heat-inactivated sera prepared from blood taken from all pigs at each of the indicated time points. Serum was diluted 1 in 500 in BSA₅PBST and 50 µl of the diluted serum was added to VLP coated wells. The mean value and standard deviation is shown, this was calculated from the 3 pigs in each treatment group and is shown for each time point. P values in this, and other subsequent experiments were calculated using one-way ANOVA.