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. 2019 Jun 25;9:9259. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-45710-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Spectra from a patient. (a) Combined spectra obtained from the breast tumour of a patient using AOC, nd-comb, WSVD, S/N² Weighting, S/N Weighting, Signal Weighting, and Equal Weighting with SNR improvement of 60.9%, 55.8%, −100%, 25.4%, 19.2%, 12.6% respectively. (b) Voxel location (2 × 2 × 2 cm³) within an invasive ductal carcinoma, grade III, acquired from a 68-year old patient. AOC = adaptively optimised combination. Nd-comb = noise decorrelation combination, WSVD = whitened singular value decomposition, ppm = parts per million.