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. 2019 Jun 19;10:1385. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01385

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Copyright © 2019 Grabinger, Glaus Garzon, Hausmann, Geirnaert, Lacroix and Hennet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Influence of oligosaccharide supplementation on expression of inflammation markers in Il10^-/- mice. Il10^-/- mice (open circles) were supplemented with oligosaccharides for 4 weeks. Expression levels of inflammation markers were assessed by qPCR of distal colonic tissue at 7 weeks of age. Expression of the iNOS, the cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TGFβ, TNF, and the tight junction protein occludin was determined. β-actin was used for normalization and the sample that represents median from Lac supplemented WT mice was used as reference sample according to the ΔΔC_t method. Each group consisted of at least six animals (N = 6–12) from 2 (3SL, 6SL), 3 (3FL), or 4 (Lac, 2FL) independent supplementation experiments. Error bars indicate SD. P-values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett Post-test and are indicated by asterisk (^∗) if significantly different from control (Lac) condition (p < 0.05).