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. 2019 Jun 19;10:1385. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01385

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Copyright © 2019 Grabinger, Glaus Garzon, Hausmann, Geirnaert, Lacroix and Hennet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Antibiotic treatment and reconstitution of Il10^-/- mice. Mice were treated with antibiotics for 7 days and microbiota allowed to re-colonize for 14 days. (A) Efficacy of antibiotic treatment was assessed by analyzing 16S rRNA copy numbers in DNA isolated from fecal pellets from Il10^-/- mice by qPCR using the ΔΔC_t method. (B) + (C) Colon weight/length ratio (B) and diarrhea score (C) were analyzed to determine colitis severity. (D) Inflammatory marker gene expression after reconstitution of antibiotic-treated Il10^-/- mice with different bacterial strains or culture medium (CTRL). β-actin was used for normalization and the sample that represents median from untreated WT mice was used as reference sample according to the ΔΔC_t method. Biological replicates are shown from 1 (A–C) or 2 (D) independent experiments (N = 3–6). Error bars indicate SD. P-values were determined by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett Post-test and are indicated by asterisk (^∗) if significant (p > 0.05).