Table 1.
Global WASH-attributable disease burden not quantified |
Global WASH-attributable disease burden estimates available |
|
---|---|---|
Health outcomes | Health outcomes | Main WASH exposure |
Arsenicosis Cyanobacterial toxins Fluorosis Hepatitis A, E Lead poisonings Legionellosis Leptospirosis Methaemoglobinaemia Neonatal conditions and maternal outcomes Poliomyelitis Scabies Spinal injury |
Ascariasis | sanitation |
Cancer (bladder) | drinking water | |
Dengue | water resource management/water bodies | |
Diarrhoeal diseases | drinking water, sanitation, hygiene behaviours* | |
Drowningd | recreational water/water bodies | |
Hookworm diseasea | Sanitation | |
Japanese Encephalitis | water resource management/agricultural practices | |
Lymphatic filariasis | water resource management/water bodies | |
Malariad | water resource management/water bodies | |
Musculoskeletal diseases | drinking water | |
Onchocerciasis | water resource management | |
Protein-energy malnutritiona,b,c | drinking water, sanitation, hygiene behaviours* | |
Respiratory infectionsc | hygiene behaviours* | |
Schistosomiasisa,b,c,d | drinking water, sanitation, hygiene behaviours*, water resource management/agricultural practices/recreational water | |
Trachomaa,c | sanitation, hygiene behaviours* | |
Trichuriasisa | Sanitation |
The listed diseases are based on prior work (Prüss-Ustün et al., 2016, 2008). Health outcomes quantified in this article are written in bold. *hygiene behaviours include hand hygiene(diarrhoeal diseases, protein-energy malnutrition, trachoma), face hygiene (trachoma), food hygiene (hookworm) and bathing (schistosomiasis).