Table 8.
Diarrhoea burden attributable to inadequate hygiene behaviours by region, 2016
| Region | PAF | (95% CI) | Deaths | (95% CI) | DALYs (in 1 000s) | (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-Saharan Africa, all | 0.13 | (0–0.61) | 85,166 | (0–394,782) | 5516 | (0–25,622) | |
| America, LMICs | 0.10 | (0–0.47) | 2227 | (0–10,741) | 183 | (0–886) | |
| America, HICs | 0.08 | (0–0.41) | 930 | (0–4967) | 25 | (0–131) | |
| Eastern Mediterranean, LMICs | 0.12 | (0–0.57) | 15,013 | (0–72,270) | 1130 | (0–5440) | |
| Eastern Mediterranean, HICs | 0.08 | (0–0.41) | 34 | (0–186) | 5 | (0–27) | |
| Europe, LMICs | 0.11 | (0–0.54) | 537 | (0–2605) | 72 | (0–352) | |
| Europe, HICs | 0.08 | (0–0.40) | 1216 | (0–6371) | 29 | (0–151) | |
| South-East Asia, all | 0.11 | (0–0.50) | 56,419 | (0–264,975) | 2656 | (0–12,477) | |
| Western Pacific, LMICs | 0.12 | (0–0.55) | 3347 | (0–15,182) | 298 | (0–1350) | |
| Western Pacific, HICs | 0.08 | (0–0.40) | 310 | (0–1645) | 6 | (0–31) | |
| Total | 0.12 | (0–0.56) | 165,200 | (0–780,443) | 9919 | (0–46,598) | |
DALYs: disability-adjusted life years, PAF: population-attributable fraction; LMICs: low- and middle-income countries, HICs: high-income countries; for the analysis of burden of diarrhoeal disease attributed to inadequate hygiene behaviours the counterfactual exposure distribution (plausible minimum risk) of handwashing with soap after potential faecal contact was compared to the actual exposure distribution for 2016.