Table 2.

Comparison of the current state of measurements of frailty and resilience.

	Measures of resilience	Measures of frailty
Static: list of items questioned or observed	Predict positive outcomes (recovery). Currently, 6 psychological resilience scales are in use (e.g., Conner-Davidson resilience questionnaire)	Predict negative outcomes, e.g., mortality. More than 50 static frailty scales are currently available (e.g., Fraily index or Fraily phenotype)
Dynamic: monitoring stimulus-response over time	Dynamic measures of resilience are not yet available: the hypothesis to develop and validate these is proposed here (e.g., response of blood pressure on orthostatic response over time)	Dynamic measurements of frailty are not available