Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) treatment decreases graft opacity and enhances corneal endothelial wound healing in a murine model of syngeneic corneal transplantation with endothelial injury. A: Representative slit-lamp images showing corneas at week 2 to 6 after transplantation. B: Graft opacity scores are significantly decreased in VIP-treated group from week 2 to 6 after transplantation compared with the control. C: Representative confocal micrographs of central area of transplanted corneas isolated from VIP-treated mice and the control groups at week 2, 4, and 6 after transplantation. To visualize corneal endothelial cell-to-cell junctions, corneas were stained with zonula occluden-1 (green). D: Bar diagram showing central corneal endothelial cell (CEnC) density in VIP-treated corneas compared with control at weeks 2, 4 (P = 0.03), and 6 (P = 0.02) post-after transplantation. Data are expressed as means ± SEM and data from one of two independent experiments are shown. n = 6 corneas (B); n = 15 per group (B). ∗P < 0.05 versus VIP (U-test). Scale bars = 100 μm (C). Original magnification, ×25 (A); ×400 (C). PBS, phosphate-buffered saline.