| Oxidation | VIVO2+ + H2O – 1 e– → VVO2+ + 2H+ Mn2+ + H2O – 2 e– → MnO2 + 4H+ Co2+ – 1 e– → Co3+ |
| Reduction | P2WV I18O626– + n e– → P2WVnWV I(18-n)O62(6+n)– |
| Oxidation | VIVO2+ + H2O – 1 e– → VVO2+ + 2H+ Mn2+ + H2O – 2 e– → MnO2 + 4H+ Co2+ – 1 e– → Co3+ |
| Reduction | P2WV I18O626– + n e– → P2WVnWV I(18-n)O62(6+n)– |