Table 1.

Data sources.

Dataset domain: Health
1	Hospitalisations	Discharge and event data about all publicly-funded hospital admission events. There is a single record for each inpatient or day patient discharge, although transfers within or between hospitals are recorded as separate events.
2	Injuries	All claims made due to a unique work-related or non-work related accident. These claim records are managed by the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC), a government-owned universal no-fault injury compensation service in NZ. Multiple instances of a claim being lodged for the same accident were counted once.
3	Pharmaceuticals	Information on all subsidised pharmaceutical dispensings issued through NZ pharmacists. Multiple prescriptions on the same script and repeat prescriptions are counted as separate instances of a pharmaceutical being dispensed.
4	Mental health and addiction service usage	Records of the contacts, activities, and services for referrals to secondary mental health and addiction service providers. These include assessments, inpatient and outpatient bednights, and treatment. There is full coverage for nationally funded service providers, and selected coverage of non-government organisations. Multiple activities provided as part of the service for any one referral are counted separately.
Dataset domain: Justice
5	Alleged criminal offences	Records of court and non-court proceedings against alleged offenders by Police, as described in the NZ Police National Recording Standard (New Zealand Police, 2016). Multiple offences from a single criminal incident are counted separately.
6	Sentencing and remand data	All records from the national department that manages corrections. These relate to custodial and community sentences imposed by judges, as well as people serving custodial remand while they await trial or sentencing. Orders imposed by the court for prisoners upon early release from custodial sentences are also included. Remand, sentences, and parole board orders that relate to each other are recorded as separate events.
7	Criminal court charges laid	Ministry of Justice records for all criminal charges filed by Police, Corrections, local authorities or a number of other government agencies. A single charge record usually refers to one offence charge. All charges with linking information are counted, including those that were withdrawn or not proceeded with for any other reason.4
Dataset domain: Social development and tax
8	Notification of care and protection concern (as a child)	This dataset is a records of reports made to Child, Youth and Family (CYF5) or Police where there is concern about the care or behaviour of a child. Each notification of concern for a child or young person's behaviour or care is included.
9	Finding of abuse (as a child)	These records detail the assessments made by a Child, Youth and Family social worker about whether or not a child (defined as 0 to 16) has been subject to abuse.
10	Main benefit assistance	Working-age social welfare records for main benefits relate to the commencement of a new administrative spell as the single or primary recipient of main benefit assistance, as well as any associated partners. Main working-age benefits support those that are unemployed, in caring roles, as well as those living with a health condition or disability or in other need of welfare support.
11	Reported income from wages and salaries	We used data provided from the Inland Revenue database to identify taxed earnings from wages and salaries on a monthly basis. (Not counted in total events).
12	Recorded income from main benefit assistance	Data from the Inland Revenue database also records aggregate benefit payments for main working-age welfare entitlements on a monthly basis. (Not counted in total events).