Table 4. Data pertaining to distribution of cells expressing Immunohistochemical markers described in this review.
| Cell Type | Study | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Basal Keratinocytes | 13 | MMP2 Expressed |
| Suprabasal Keratinocytes | 31 | LCN 2 staining of suprabasal keratinocuytes |
| Dermal Fibroblasts | 13 | MMP2 expressed |
| 7 | 33/51 specimens associated with ++ fibrosis | |
| Neutrophils | 13 | MMP2 in keratinocytes, fibroblasts, macrophages and lymphocytes, |
| 30 | Significant increase in number of neutrophils in dermis Dermis> Perifollicular | |
| 31 | LCN2 in neutrophils – epidermis and dermis | |
| 7 | +++ infiltrate in 29/51 specimens | |
| Plasma Cells | 7 | +++ Plasma cell infiltrate in 2/51 specimens |
| Eosinophils | 7 | +++ Eosinophilic infiltrate ++ in 3/51 specimens |
| Histiocytes | 7 | +++ Infiltrate 24/51 speciments |
| Lymphocytes (NOS) | 13 | MMP2 expressed TNF alpha positivity in dermis |
| 44 | Lymphocytes, giant cell and necrosis in established lesions | |
| T Cells | 4 | CD3 + Dermis producing IL32C D 56 + NK T cells producing IL32 |
| 33 | lymphocytic mixed infiltrate perifollicular (with unruptured terminal follicles). This consisted of CD-3 (39%), CD-4 (30%), CD-8 (14%), and positive
cells (CD-4 ⁄ CD-8 ratio: 2.1:1). CD-56 (0.1%) and UCHL-1 (0%) brought no conclusive results. Conspicuous was a CD-8 cell positive folliculotropism in all immuno- histologies (Figure 3). CD-8 positive lymphocytes were loosely distributed not only in the stratum basale but also in the suprabasal epithelial areas. The subepidermal inflammatory infiltrate in the area of interfollicular epidermal hyperplasia showed a comparable cellular composition: CD-3 (38%), CD-4 (26%), CD-8 (19%), CD-56 (0.2%) and UCHL-1 (0%), CD-4 ⁄ CD-8 Ratio: 1.4:1. Here too, a CD-8 positive pronounced epidermotropism was impressive |
|
| 30 | At perifollicular sites, quantitative analysis showed a significant increase in the mean number of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes (CD3+, 34 `
20 per HPF; CD4+, 38 ` 21; CD8+, 12 ` 8) compared with healthy control skin (CD3+, 9`4; CD4+, 2`1; CD8+, 1`1; |
|
| 3 | CD4 T cells producing IL17 in dermis | |
| 32 | CD4 T cells producing IL17 in dermis | |
| B Cells | 11, 12 | Psuedolymphomatous nests (see cytokine studies) |
| 33 | Perifollicular infiltrate with unruptured terminal follicles: CD-79 (35%) Subepidermal interfollicular Infiltrate: CD-79 (33%), | |
| Dendritic Cells | 11 | Successful Adalimumab treatment reduced influx of CD11c+ dendritic cells in lesional skin |
| 12 | Number of dendritic cells stable in skin- mild elevation only | |
| 4 | Dermis producing IL32 | |
| Macrophages | 13 | MMP2 expressed TNF alpha positivity |
| 30 | Significant increase in deep infiltrate | |
| 32 | Increase with co-staining of CD68/CD32 and IL12/ IL23 | |
| 33 | Perifollicular infiltrate with unruptured terminal follicles: CD-68 (12%) Subepidermal interfollicular Infiltrate: CD-68 (19%), | |
| 4 | Dermis producing IL32 | |
| Mast Cells | 30 | Significant increase in deep infiltrate |
| 12 | Significant increase in deep infiltrate |