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. 2019 Jun 19;10:676. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00676

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Copyright © 2019 Ye, Xue, Liu, Zhu, Li, Liu, Cai, Rui and Zhang

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Increased autophagy and apoptosis in L-02 cells after the treatment with DB (100 µM). (A, B) DB affected the expression of autophagy and apoptosis related proteins in L-02 cells at 48 h. (C, D) Activities of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were measured using a fluorescence microplate reader. The results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). (E) Leakage of LDH was analyzed with detection kits. The results are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). ***P < 0.001, **P < 0.01, and *P < 0.05 compared to control group.