Fig. 3.

Forest plot for postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) (defined as the proportion of patients who developed postoperative worsening of renal function, whichever definition was used). Studies were defined according to the target used in the GDT protocol (stroke volume and oxygen delivery or other indexes of oxygen delivery, indices of fluid-responsiveness, such as pulse pressure variation or stroke volume variation, and mixed venous oxygen saturation or other indirect indexes of oxygen delivery such as lactate). Size of squares for odds ratio reflects weight of trial in pooled analyses. Horizontal bars represent 95% confidence intervals