Table 1.
Mean (SD) Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) domain and total scores for the total sample and per primary‐problem substance. Post‐hoc gives a description of significant differencesa
| Cognitive domain (score range) | Total (n = 656) |
Alcohol (A) (n = 391) |
Cannabis (C) (n = 123) |
Stimulants (S) (n = 100) |
Opioids (O) (n = 26) |
P value | Post‐hoc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Executive functioning (0–2) | 1.31 (0.67) | 1.27 (0.68) | 1.45 (0.66) | 1.34 (0.66) | 1.12 (0.77) | 0.04 | |
| Visuospatial abilities (0–4) | 2.77 (0.94) | 2.73 (0.95) | 2.91 (0.90) | 2.88 (0.88) | 2.27 (1.00) | <0.01 | C, S > O |
| Attention (0–6) | 5.40 (0.97) | 5.44 (0.95) | 5.42 (0.92) | 5.40 (0.90) | 5.23 (1.31) | 0.74 | |
| Language (0–5) | 4.46 (0.72) | 4.44 (0.76) | 4.48 (0.67) | 4.51 (0.70) | 4.58 (0.64) | 0.68 | |
| Abstract reasoning (0–2) | 1.52 (0.63) | 1.51 (0.64) | 1.58 (0.60) | 1.51 (0.58) | 1.65 (0.63) | 0.55 | |
| Memory (0–5) | 3.30 (1.49) | 3.21 (1.56) | 3.65 (1.24) | 3.33 (1.33) | 2.69 (1.72) | 0.01 | A < C |
| Orientation (0–6) | 5.75 (0.61) | 5.76 (0.62) | 5.74 (0.54) | 5.79 (0.54) | 5.77 (0.65) | 0.94 | |
| MoCA total (0−30) | 25.52 (3.12) | 25.30 (3.23) | 26.33 (2.69) | 25.86 (2.72) | 24.69 (3.88) | <0.01 | A < C |
| n (%) scoring below cut‐off | 206 (31) | 134 (34) | 26 (21) | 27 (27) | 10 (38) | 0.03 | A > C |
a
Patients with sedatives or gamma‐hydroxybutyrate as the primary‐problem substance are only included in the total sample and not separately described.