Table A1.
Patient characteristics in the total sample and per primary‐problem substancea
| Total (n = 656) |
Alcohol (A) (n = 391) |
Cannabis (C) (n = 123) |
Stimulants (S) (n = 100) |
Opioids (O) (n = 26) |
P value | Post‐hoc | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean age in years (SD) | 40.4 (13.9) | 46.6 (12.6) | 28.9 (8.9) | 30.2 (8.8) | 43.0 (9.9) | <0.01 | A,O>C,S |
| Sex (%) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Male | 505 (77) | 285 (73) | 105 (85) | 80 (80) | 25 (96) | ||
| Female | 151 (33) | 106 (27) | 18 (15) | 20 (20) | 1 (4) | ||
| Health‐care centre (%) | <0.01 | ||||||
| IrisZorg | 178 (27) | 102 (26) | 32 (26) | 21 (21) | 21 (81) | ||
| Novadic‐Kentron | 166 (25) | 96 (25) | 30 (24) | 29 (29) | 3 (12) | ||
| Tactus | 141 (22) | 97 (25) | 20 (16) | 20 (20) | 1 (4) | ||
| Vincent van Gogh | 171 (26) | 96 (25) | 41 (33) | 30 (30) | 1 (4) | ||
| Level of education (%) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Low | 126 (19) | 64 (16) | 30 (24) | 18 (18) | 11 (42) | ||
| Average | 421 (64) | 242 (62) | 78 (63) | 76 (76) | 14 (54) | ||
| High | 109 (17) | 85 (23) | 15 (12) | 6 (6) | 1 (4) | ||
| Employment (%) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Employed (full‐/part‐time) | 253 (39) | 148 (38) | 47 (38) | 44 (44) | 8 (31) | ||
| Unemployed | 229 (35) | 112 (29) | 51 (42) | 45 (45) | 14 (54) | ||
| Incapacitated | 139 (21) | 96 (25) | 25 (20) | 11 (11) | 4 (15) | ||
| Retired | 35 (5) | 35 (9) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | ||
| Marital status (%) | <0.01 | ||||||
| Single | 269 (41) | 118 (30) | 76 (62) | 54 (54) | 14 (54) | ||
| With partner | 256 (39) | 168 (43) | 37 (30) | 35 (35) | 7 (27) | ||
| Separated/divorced | 119 (18) | 95 (24) | 10 (8) | 10 (10) | 4 (15) | ||
| Widowed | 12 (2) | 10 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 1 (4) | ||
| Years of regular use b | (n = 381) | (n = 229) | (n = 65) | (n = 60) | (n = 17) | ||
| Mean no. years (SD) | 14.01 (11.54) | 15.78 (12.93) | 13.26 (8.33) | 8.90 (6.43) | 14.29 (12.25) | <0.01 | A,C>S |
| Polysubstance use b (%) | (n = 432) | (n = 247) | (n = 71) | (n = 76) | (n = 23) | <0.01 | |
| No | 133 (31) | 125 (51) | 5 (7) | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes | 299 (69) | 122 (49) | 66 (93) | 75 (99) | 23 (100) | ||
| Abstinence c (%) | <0.01 | ||||||
| No (<7 days) | 474 (72) | 275 (70) | 107 (87) | 56 (56) | 25 (96) | ||
| Yes (7–41 days) | 128 (20) | 83 (21) | 8 (7) | 35 (35) | 0 (0) | ||
| Yes (≥42 days) | 54 (8) | 33 (8) | 8 (7) | 9 (9) | 1 (4) | ||
| Abstinence duration b | (n = 182) | (n = 116) | (n = 16) | (n = 44) | (n = 1) | ||
| Mean no. days (SD) | 42.85 (57.50) | 36.84 (42.80) | 66.44 (88.52) | 46.00 (68.84) | 270.00 (−) | <0.01 | |
| History of treatment b (%) | (n = 650) | (n = 387) | (n = 122) | (n = 100) | (n = 25) | <0.01 | |
| No | 357 (55) | 210 (54) | 86 (71) | 48 (48) | 5 (20) | ||
| Yes | 293 (45) | 177 (46) | 36 (30) | 52 (52) | 20 (80) | ||
| CIDI‐SAD b (SD) | (n = 470) | (n = 287) | (n = 81) | (n = 69) | (n = 20) | ||
| Dependence | 4.79 (1.75) | 4.71 (1.77) | 4.68 (1.77) | 5.42 (1.34) | 4.30 (2.03) | <0.01 | A,C<S |
| Abuse | 2.09 (1.11) | 2.05 (1.11) | 1.94 (1.04) | 2.48 (1.02) | 1.80 (1.36) | <0.01 | A,C<S |
| Severity | 6.11 (2.21) | 6.00 (2.20) | 6.00 (2.34) | 6.99 (1.74) | 5.40 (2.80) | <0.01 | A,C<S |
| DASS‐21 b (SD) | (n = 581) | (n = 353) | (n = 107) | (n = 83) | (n = 24) | ||
| Depression | 13.89 (11.29) | 13.47 (11.40) | 15.87 (10.89) | 14.00 (11.50) | 10.42 (10.04) | 0.11 0.13 |
|
| Anxiety | 9.52 (8.43) | 8.96 (7.87) | 11.03 (9.43) | 9.78 (8.88) | 8.25 (8.43) | ||
| Stress | 15.61 (10.27) | 14.14 (9.63) | 18.92 (9.96) | 18.07 (11.24) | 12.08 (11.18) | <0.01 | A,O<C; A<S |
| DASS‐21 total | 39.05 (26.53) | 36.57 (25.78) | 45.81 (26.29) | 42.10 (27.45) | 30.75 (26.45) | <0.01 | A<C |
a
Post‐hoc gives a description of significant differences. Patients with sedatives or gamma‐hydroxybutyrate as the primary‐problem substance are only included in the total sample and not separately described.
b
Due to missing data the n included is mentioned separately.
c
Abstinence was only assessed for the primary‐problem substance.
CIDI‐SAD, Section Alcohol & Drugs of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview; DASS‐21, Depression Anxiety Stress Scales.