Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients and the episodes of SE
| Case(sex, age) | GGE syndrome (age of onset in years, type or first seizure) | Type of SE (approximate duration) | Cause of SE | AEDs treatment at SE | Treatment of SE | Outcome and follow-up (years) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.M, 39 | JAE (11, AS) | Absence status epilepticus (24 hrs) | Relapse after seziure-free period off medication | None | Diazepam iv | Seizure-free on VPA 1000 mg (4) |
| 2.M, 66 | JAE (11, AS) | Absence status epilepticus (6 hrs) | VPA tapering due to side effects | VPA 300 mg/LTG 300 mg | Diazepam iv, VPA iv | Seizure-free on VPA 1000 mg, LTG 200 mg (2) |
| 3.F, 30 | JAE (15, AS) | Absence status epilepticus (5 hrs) | Ill-advised AEDs | TGB 30 mg/CBZ 800 mg | Diazepam iv | Seizure-free on VPA 600 mg (10) |
| 4.F, 34 | GTCSA (17, TCS) | Absence status epilepticus (8 hrs) | Ill-advised AEDs | CBZ 1600 mg/VGB 2000 mg | VPA iv | Seizure-free on VPA 2000 mg (3) |
| 5.F, 70 | JAE (16, AS) | Absence status epilepticus(12 hrs) | AEDs missed for 3 days | LTG 300 mg | Diazepam iv, VPA iv | LTG 300 mg/VPA 600 mg at discharge, lost to follow-up |
| 6.F, 42 | JAE (17, AS) | Absence status epilepticus (48 hrs) | Ill-advised AEDs | CBZ 1600 mg/GBP 3600 mg/TPM 800 mg | Diazepam, iv, VPA iv | Seizure-free on VPA600 mg/LTG 400 mg (4) |
| 7. F, 31 | JAE (11, AS) | Absence status epilepticus – 5 episodes (30–180 mins) | 1 episode related to infection with fever | LTG 200 mg | Diazepam iv | Infrequent AS on LTG 500 mg (1) |
| 8. F, 28 at first episode. 35 at second episode |
JAE (15, AS) | Absence status epilepticus First episode(7 hrs) Second episode(60 mins) |
Before diagnosis, sleep deprivation Adding hormonal contraception to LTG |
None LTG 100 mg |
Diazepam iv Diazepam iv |
Infrequent AS on LTG 200 mg (4) |
| 9.F, 26 | JME (TCS, 21) | Myoclonic status epilepticus (3 hrs) | Ill-advised AEDs | GBP 3600 mg/VGB 1000 mg | Diazepam iv | Seizure-free on VPA 600 mg/LEV 2000 mg (16) |
| 10. F, 20 | JME (MS, 14) | Myoclonic status epilepticus (2 hrs) | Sleep deprivation, alcohol | None | Diazepam iv | Seizure-free on LEV 1000 mg (6) |
Abbreviations: SE, status epilepticus; JAE, juvenile absence epilepsy; JME, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy; GTCSA, generalized tonic–clonic seizures alone; AEDs, antiepeilptic drugs; AS, absence seizures; MS, myoclonic seizures; TCS, tonic-clonic seizures; CBZ, carbamazepine; GBP, gabapentin; LTG, lamotrigine; TGB, tiagabine; TPM, topiramate; VGB, vigabatrin; VPA, valproate; iv, intravenous.