Table 2.
Pooled prevalence of FAS and FASD among special subpopulations.
| Country | FAS/FASD | No. of studies | Prevalence per 1000 (%) | 95% confidence interval per 1000 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower | Upper | ||||
| Children in care | |||||
| Chile | FAS | 2 | 51.9 (5.2) | 40.3 | 64.9 |
| FASD | 2 | 312.4 (31.2) | 283.6 | 339.1 | |
| Russia | FAS | 5 | 95.5 (6.6) | 85.3 | 105.4 |
| United States | FAS | 3 | 142.3 (14.2) | 117.3 | 167.8 |
| FASD | 3 | 251.5 (25.2) | 220.0 | 281.7 | |
| Correctional populations | |||||
| Canada | FASD (adult) | 2 | 146.7 (14.7) | 98.2 | 204.9 |
| Special education populations | |||||
| Chile | FAS | 2 | 29.1 (2.9) | 19.2 | 42.0 |
| FASD | 2 | 84.2 (8.4) | 66.6 | 103.1 | |
| Aboriginal populations | |||||
| Australia | FAS | 2 | 2.3 (0.2) | 1.4 | 3.5 |
| FASD | 2 | 14.8 (1.5) | 11.4 | 18.6 | |
| Canada | FAS | 3 | 60.8 (6.1) | 42.1 | 83.4 |
| FASD | 3 | 43.6 (4.4) | 37.9 | 49.3 | |
| United States | FAS | 3 | 2.8 (0.3) | 2.2 | 3.5 |
| FASD | 2 | 4.4 (0.4) | 3.5 | 5.3 | |
Only studies that used active case ascertainment and/or clinic‐based methods and specified the diagnostic criteria used to ascertain cases of fetal alcohol syndrome/fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FAS/FASD) in the respective population were included in the meta‐analyses. Studies that utilized passive surveillance methods were excluded from the meta‐analyses.