Table 1.

Gas exchange and ventilatory parameters in surfactant deficiency newborn piglets treated with SF administered using INSURE or LISA technique (by nasogastric tube (NT) or by LISAcath®)

Groups	Basal	BAL	30 ST	15 min	30 min	60 min	90 min	120 min	150 min	180 min
pH
INSURE	7.38 ± 0.04	7.12 ± 0.09&	7.10 ± 0.12&	7.29 ± 0.05	7.36 ± 0.06	7.39 ± 0.07	7.42 ± 0.08	7.46 ± 0.08	7.46 ± 0.07	7.44 ± 0.08
LISA‐NT	7.38 ± 0.03	7.09 ± 0.08&	7.07 ± 0.13&	7.31 ± 0.02	7.33 ± 0.08	7.42 ± 0.05	7.43 ± 0.05	7.43 ± 0.04	7.46 ± 0.04	7.46 ± 0.03
LISAcath	7.37 ± 0.05	7.06 ± 0.05&	7.10 ± 0.10&	7.27 ± 0.06	7.30 ± 0.06	7.34 ± 0.06*	7.42 ± 0.02	7.42 ± 0.05	7.40 ± 0.05	7.42 ± 0.04
A‐aDO2 (mmHg)
INSURE	77 ± 11	744 ± 17&	728 ± 27&	507 ± 102	338 ± 89	247 ± 98	193 ± 91	141 ± 61	111 ± 36	91 ± 23
LISA‐NT	79 ± 7	731 ± 23&	716 ± 38&	554 ± 125	389 ± 69	267 ± 87	206 ± 67	163 ± 47	117 ± 13	103 ± 10
LISAcath	79 ± 11	740 ± 18&	730 ± 22&	547 ± 119	406 ± 115	292 ± 60	226 ± 66	160 ± 36	119 ± 20	110 ± 18
FiO2
INSURE	0.28 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.00&	1.00 ± 0.00&	0.83 ± 0.15	0.62 ± 0.12	0.47 ± 0.11	0.41 ± 0.12	0.34 ± 0.07	0.31 ± 0.05	0.29 ± 0.01
LISA‐NT	0.28 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.00&	1.00 ± 0.00&	0.89 ± 0.09	0.65 ± 0.21	0.50 ± 0.11	0.41 ± 0.08	0.37 ± 0.07	0.31 ± 0.02	0.29 ± 0.01
LISAcath	0.28 ± 0.01	1.00 ± 0.00&	1.00 ± 0.00&	0.85 ± 0.13	0.66 ± 0.14	0.51 ± 0.08	0.44 ± 0.07	0.36 ± 0.08	0.31 ± 0.03	0.30 ± 0.02
RR (breath/min)
INSURE	27 ± 1	42 ± 1&	42 ± 1&	50 ± 26	50 ± 12	43 ± 10	42 ± 14	44 ± 14	42 ± 12	40 ± 13
LISA‐NT	27 ± 1	42 ± 1&	42 ± 1&	64 ± 27	57 ± 20	63 ± 18*	55 ± 13	46 ± 11	46 ± 10	45 ± 17
LISAcath	28 ± 1	42 ± 1&	42 ± 1&	68 ± 22	65 ± 16*	59 ± 22	51 ± 12	46 ± 9	41 ± 4	36 ± 6

Statistical differences (&)P < 0.05 versus basal point; (*)P < 0.05 versus INSURE group. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.

Alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference (A‐aDO2); inspiratory oxygen fraction (FiO2); respiratory rate (RR)