Table 2.

Total lung injury scores in surfactant deficiency newborn piglets treated with SF administered using INSURE or LISA technique (by nasogastric tube [NT] or by LISAcath®)

Lung region	Groups	Atelectasis	Necrosis	Edema	Alveolar inflammation	Interstitial inflammation	Alveolar hemorrhage	Interstitial hemorrhage	Total
UPPER	INSURE	0.17 ± 0.41	0	0	0.17 ± 0.41	0.67 ± 0.52	0	0.17 ± 0.41	1.17 ± 1.17
	LISA‐NT	0.17 ± 0.41	0	0	0.50 ± 0.54	1.16 ± 1.16	0	0	1.83 ± 1.17
	LISAcath	1.00 ± 1.10	0	0	0.83 ± 0.54*	1.33 ± 0.81	0	0	3.16 ± 2.04
MIDDLE	INSURE	0.33 ± 0.51	0	0	0.33 ± 0.51	1.00 ± 0.89	0	0	1.67 ± 1.51
	LISA‐NT	0.83 ± 0.75	0	0.17 ± 0.40	0.33 ± 0.51	1.33 ± 1.03	0	0	2.67 ± 1.75
	LISAcath	0.83 ± 1.69	0	0	0.83 ± 0.40	1.33 ± 1.03	0	0	3.00 ± 2.19
LOWER	INSURE	0.33 ± 0.52	0	0	0.33 ± 0.52	1.00 ± 0.89	0.17 ± 0.41	0	1.83 ± 1.47
	LISA‐NT	0.66 ± 0.81	0	0	0.33 ± 0.52	0.83 ± 0.75	0	0	1.83 ± 1.72
	LISAcath	1.33 ± 1.02	0	0.17 ± 0.40	1.33 ± 0.52*$	1.50 ± 0.83	0	0.50 ± 0.54	3.70 ± 2.50*$
TOTAL	INSURE	0.28 ± 0.46	0	0	0.28 ± 0.46	0.89 ± 0.76	0.06 ± 0.24	0.06 ± 0.24	1.56 ± 1.34
	LISA‐NT	0.56 ± 0.70	0	0.05 ± 0.23	0.38 ± 0.50	1.11 ± 0.96	0	0	2.10 ± 1.53
	LISAcath	1.00 ± 1.00*	0	0.05 ± 0.23	1.00 ± 0.48*$	1.38 ± 0.85	0	0.16 ± 0.38	3.6 ± 2.25*$

Statistical differences were assessed using Wilcoxon non‐parametric test; (*)P < 0.05 versus Insure group, ($)P < 0.05 versus LISA‐NT group. Values are expressed as mean ± SD.